1.5 Respiration Flashcards
Describe what happens during inhalation
The intercostal muscles contract causing ribs to move up and out
The diaphragm contracts and moves down (flattens)
Volume in lungs increases
Pressure in lungs decreases
Air
What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the lungs
Pleural membrane
What is the name of the part of the lungs were gas exchange occurs
Alveoli
Describe the route taken by air entering the lungs
Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli
How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange
Large surface area - millions of alveoli
Thin walled - short distance for diffusion of gases
Moist walls - gases dissolve and diffuse faster
Good blood supply - blood constantly moving so help maintain a concentration gradient
How is the leaf in plants adapted for gaseous exchange
Wide leaves - large surface area for gases to enter and leave stomata
Thin - short distance for diffusion of gases from stomata to palisade layer
Moist walls - gases dissolve quicker
Diffusion gradient maintained - Oxygen diffuses out and carbon dioxide diffuses in
What is respiration
An exothermic reaction that releases energy
Where does respiration take place in the cell
mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen —–> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
What is the energy released from respiration used for
Growth
Reproduction
Heat
Movement
Active Transport
What is anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose —-> Lactate (lactic acid) + little Energy
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
Glucose —-> Ethanol (alcohol) + Carbon dioxide + little Energy
After exercise what happens to the lactic acid
The lactic acid is broken down using oxygen to carbon dioxide and water
This is called the Repaying the Oxygen Debt - it is the amount of extra oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid
When you do exercise why do you breathe faster and deeper
To bring in MORE oxygen to the muscle cells
To remove MORE carbon dioxide produced during respiration
During strenuous exercise what type of respiration occurs
Aerobic + anaerobic
Anaerobic respiration produces extra energy
How is aerobic respiration similar to anaerobic respiration in yeast
Both use Glucose
Both produce Carbon dioxide
Both release energy
How is aerobic respiration different to anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen - anaerobic does not
Aerobic respiration releases more energy
Aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products
Anaerobic respiration produces lactate or ethanol
In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the glucose solution is boiled and then cooled before adding the yeast - why?
Boiled - to remove oxygen
Cooled - so that the yeast are not killed when added
In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast a layer of oil is placed on top of the yeast and glucose solution - why
To stop oxygen entering
In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the limewater turned milky. Why
Carbon dioxide produced = showing respiration had occurred
In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast - how would you know the respiration was anaerobic
If alcohol was found in the solution at the end
Carbon dioxide is produced in both aerobic and anaerobic so could not tell from the limewater turning milky
In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the mixture got warmer - why
Some of the energy released during respiration was released as heat
In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the what other indicator (apart from limewater) could be used to show the changes in Carbon dioxide levels
Hydrogen Carbonate indicator
