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Yr 11 Biology > 1.5 Respiration > Flashcards

1.5 Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe what happens during inhalation

A

The intercostal muscles contract causing ribs to move up and out
The diaphragm contracts and moves down (flattens)
Volume in lungs increases
Pressure in lungs decreases
Air

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2
Q

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the lungs

A

Pleural membrane

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3
Q

What is the name of the part of the lungs were gas exchange occurs

A

Alveoli

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4
Q

Describe the route taken by air entering the lungs

A

Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli

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5
Q

How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange

A

Large surface area - millions of alveoli
Thin walled - short distance for diffusion of gases
Moist walls - gases dissolve and diffuse faster
Good blood supply - blood constantly moving so help maintain a concentration gradient

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6
Q

How is the leaf in plants adapted for gaseous exchange

A

Wide leaves - large surface area for gases to enter and leave stomata
Thin - short distance for diffusion of gases from stomata to palisade layer
Moist walls - gases dissolve quicker
Diffusion gradient maintained - Oxygen diffuses out and carbon dioxide diffuses in

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7
Q

What is respiration

A

An exothermic reaction that releases energy

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8
Q

Where does respiration take place in the cell

A

mitochondria

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9
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen —–> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

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10
Q

What is the energy released from respiration used for

A

Growth
Reproduction
Heat
Movement
Active Transport

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11
Q

What is anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration without oxygen

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12
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

A

Glucose —-> Lactate (lactic acid) + little Energy

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12
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

Glucose —-> Ethanol (alcohol) + Carbon dioxide + little Energy

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13
Q

After exercise what happens to the lactic acid

A

The lactic acid is broken down using oxygen to carbon dioxide and water
This is called the Repaying the Oxygen Debt - it is the amount of extra oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid

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14
Q

When you do exercise why do you breathe faster and deeper

A

To bring in MORE oxygen to the muscle cells
To remove MORE carbon dioxide produced during respiration

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15
Q

During strenuous exercise what type of respiration occurs

A

Aerobic + anaerobic
Anaerobic respiration produces extra energy

16
Q

How is aerobic respiration similar to anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

Both use Glucose
Both produce Carbon dioxide
Both release energy

17
Q

How is aerobic respiration different to anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen - anaerobic does not
Aerobic respiration releases more energy
Aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products
Anaerobic respiration produces lactate or ethanol

18
Q

In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the glucose solution is boiled and then cooled before adding the yeast - why?

A

Boiled - to remove oxygen
Cooled - so that the yeast are not killed when added

19
Q

In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast a layer of oil is placed on top of the yeast and glucose solution - why

A

To stop oxygen entering

20
Q

In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the limewater turned milky. Why

A

Carbon dioxide produced = showing respiration had occurred

21
Q

In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast - how would you know the respiration was anaerobic

A

If alcohol was found in the solution at the end
Carbon dioxide is produced in both aerobic and anaerobic so could not tell from the limewater turning milky

22
Q

In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the mixture got warmer - why

A

Some of the energy released during respiration was released as heat

23
Q

In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast the what other indicator (apart from limewater) could be used to show the changes in Carbon dioxide levels

A

Hydrogen Carbonate indicator

24
Q

In an experiment to show anaerobic respiration in yeast what colour would hydrogen carbonate indicator turn and why

A

Go from red to yellow due to increase in carbon dioxide levels

Yr 11 Biology (7 decks)

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