1.5 Legal Flashcards
What is the Computer Misuse Act 1990 definition?
prevent unauthorised access of data by recognising and defining electronic vandalism, unauthorised access or modification to computer systems and information theft
What is the Copyright Design and Patents Act 1988 definition?
which prevents the illegal copying or redistribution of literacy, dramatic, musical or artistic works by establishing that copyrights exists until 70 years after the passing of the creator or 70 years after the creation of the work if the creator is unknown
What is the Data Protection ACT 1998 definition?
requires secure, accurate and concise storage of personal data (bo9th on computer and paper systems) to protect individuals from any unreasonable use of their data
What is the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 definition?
Legislation by the UK Parliament to regulate the power of public bodies to carry out surveillance and investigation, and covering the interception of communication
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
The capability of a machine to perceive its environment and take the appropriate steps to maximise the success of its programmed goals
What is Internet Censorship?
The suppression or control of content that can be accessed, viewed or published on the internet
What is Piracy on the internet?
The illegal access or use of copyrighted work without the permission of the copyright holder
What is it meant by personal data?
Any data which can be used to identify a living person or which can be used in combination with other data to identify a living person
Which act concerns the malicious use of computers?
The Computer Misuse Act 1990
Which act protects people’s property online?
The copyright, designs and patents act 1988
Which act protects the use of personal data?
The Data Protection Act 1998
What are the primary offences under the computer misuse act 1990?
Unauthorised access to computer materials
Unauthorised access with intent to commit further offences
Unauthorised modification of computer material
Which act covers investigation and surveillance by public bodies?
The regulation of investigatory powers act 2000
Which act prevents computer programs from being copied?
The copyright designs and patents act 1988
What name is given to an individual who can be identified by personal data?
Data subject?
What are the 8 points of the Data Protection Act 1998?
Personal data shall be…
1. processed fairly and lawfully
2. obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purpose
3. adequate, relevant and not excessive for its purpose(s)
4. accurate and where necessary kept up to date
5. not, kept for longer than is necessary for its purpose(s)
6. processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under this Act
- Unauthorised or unlawful processing, or destruction or damage to of personal data should have consequences
- Personal data is not to be shared outside of the European Economic area, unless they can ensure it’s safety
What does the DPA 1998 protect the most?
Personal data
As of 2018 what Act replaced the DPA of 1998?
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of 2018
What rights do data subject have under the DPA 1998?
Request a copy of the data held about them
Correct the data held about them
Prevent marketing using contact details provided by the data subject
What does the CMA 1990 protect against?
The malicious use of computers
What happens if you are found guiltily under the CMA 1990?
Each offence can be punished by imprisonment
What does copyright automatically apply to based off of being literacy work?
Computing code
What can Secret Services legally do to ensure national security?
wire-trap online conversations in the interests of national security provided that a warrant has been issued
Under what Act are mobile phone companies and internet service providers required to give up information on request if they don’t have sufficient hardware installed to facilitate surveillance?
The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
Or RIPA of 2000
Why is the RIPA 2000 Act controversial?
Its powers extend to small agencies like local councils
It is considered an invasion of privacy, or it is improperly used
What effects on businesses of computers becoming part of the workface have had?
Higher productivity
Lower unit costs
Lower costs of renting
Lower labour costs
What are the uses of automated decision making?
Targeted feeds (social media)
Application processes (jobs, mortgages, loans)
Power distribution systems
Driverless cars
Stock trading
Plant automation systems
How do expert systems work?
Expert systems consist of a knowledge base made up of a set of facts and rules
This is used to build an interference engine which is interrogated to find diagnoses
What are some applications of AI?
(Biological) Neural networks
Expert systems
Voice recognition
What are negative environmental effects of computers?
Toxic e-waste contaminating water
E-waste in third world countries
Greenhouse gases from greater electricity consumption
Reduced biodiversity
Impact of climate change on future generation
What are positive environmental effects of computers?
Smart home systems (sensors)
Sleep and Stand-by features on devices
Smart engine designs
What is the Free internet?
The idea of an internet where nothing is filtered at all, in line with the principle of freedom of speech
How is censorship used within schools?
Pupils may be prevented from accessing unsuitable material. May be used to maintain high productivity and prevent distractions
Give arguments in favour of surveillance systems.
Useful for social security purposes and detecting crime
Needed to trace and punish criminal activity
What is the name given to the process of analysing large data sets to uncover hidden trends?
Data mining
What 3 things web designs must take into account when designing a website?
Colour paradigms, layout, character set
What are Ethics?
Ethics are concerned with our values as a community and how these will impact different groups of people in society
What are Morals?
Morals are to do with our personal code of conduct and encompass how we choose to behave, including the decisions we make at the expense of others
What possible issues arise when using computers in our every day life?
Moral
Ethical
Environmental
Social
Cultural
How do computers in the workplace help companies such as Amazon and Effidence?
Reduce delivery times and manufacturing processes which in turn improves customer satisfaction.
Amazon - robots in warehouse’s package and transfer goods.
Effidence - Have a PostBot that delivers letters, parcels through a neighbourhood.
What is another massive advantage on the workers for more computers in the workforce?
Reduce strain on workers and reduce the need to work in a repetitive and tedious environment
What are the disadvantages of computers in the workplace?
Loss of jobs
Structural unemployment
Called computerisation
High dependence on the computerised system
What is computerisation?
The adaptation of a system, device, etc. to be operated by computer.
e.g. apple car play in cars, and autonomous driving.
What do governments need to do to manage the unemployment caused by computers in the workforce?
Invest in providing retraining programmes so people are able to change occupation.
What has the effect of computers in the workplace done to the common worker?
Increased their skill level as they will be expected to use a computer, increased training for companies
Automated decision making, creates targeted feeds, how can this be a negative on a society?
Creates a dangerous bubble in which their beliefs are never challenged, leading to a close minded society
Automated decision making, helps the application process, how can this be a negative on a society?
People treated unfairly as the machine doesn’t know external contextual factors
What are some positives of automated decision making?
Improved productivity
More convenient
Faster
Quicker reactions - save lives in automated cars
How does automated decision making help trading, plant automation systems and power distribution systems?
Inputs are given to the algorithms and can respond instantly to changes and predict futures
How can you make sure automated decision making is regulated?
Tested so it is free of bias
Always passed through a human’s judgement first
What is the main privacy (social) factor of concern with voice recognition AI?
They always have to be switched on and listening so companies can hear what’s going on in people’s homes
What problem arrives from automated decision making if someone get’s in a crash in a car with it?
Ethical, who’s in fault?
How is censorship used in countries?
To block out certain political beliefs and ideologies and terrorism
For national security and to filter offensive comments and extremist propaganda
Considered unethical ^
Prisons place an ankle monitor on people under house arrest, what problem does this cause?
People say it is unETHICAL and breaks basic human rights
What can data mining be used for?
Inform personalised political propaganda, targeted advertising or alternatively, to identify previously unknown connections between two variables
What ethical problems come from data mining?
Trends found could allow companies to perhaps charge more or deny based on their health conditions
What should the web developers consider in terms of colour designs?
Some colours are regarded as unlucky in certain cultures and have other negative connotations
Therefore neutral or green is typically used
What should the web developers consider in terms of character sets?
Translated into multiple languages
Unicode is the preferred character set over ASCII as it represents more characters
What should the web developers consider in terms of the layout?
Who is viewing the website, no discrimination
Easy for users to navigate between pages - attracts more customers
Disabilities are accompanied for (transcripts, audio files and magnifier, text size changer, colour blindness)
Things for general data protection regulation
collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes
