15 - Insect Transmitted Disease Flashcards
Mosquito Transmitted Diseases
- *Parasites**
- *Malaria / Filariasis**
Viruses
Zika / Japanese Encephalitis
Chik Fever
West Nile
Yellow / Dengue Fever
TICK-Transmitted Diseases
- *BACTERIA**
- *LYME** disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
+ many others
Biting Fly + FLEA -Transmitted Disease
- *Bacteria**
- *PLAGUE**
- *Parasite**
- *African SLEEPING Sickness**
Onchocerciasis
Leshmaniasis
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Preventing Insect-Transmitted Diseases
CLOTHING
- *Long sleeves/pants** w/ cuffs
- *Boots / shoes / hats**
- AVOID PERFUMES*
- *light-colored** clothing
Wear during PEAK vector activity:
Malaria = DUSK –> DAWN
Dengue / Chik mosquitos + sand flies = DAYTIME
Environmental PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Preventing Insect-Transmitted Diseases
SCREENS on windows
Sleep under Chemically-treated Mosquito Netting
- *Eliminate Insect Habitats**
- *Standing water** = mosquitos
Tall grass / shrubs / leaf litter = ticks
Insect Repellants
Preventing Insect-Transmitted Diseases
Classified as PESTICIDES
US EPA Registered Active ingredients
Have been evaluated for both: SAFETY + EFFICACY
Minimum Risk / UN-Registered Agents
have been evaluated for SAFETY
but NOT EFFICACY
US EPA Registered Active Ingredients
PESTICIDES / Insect Repellants
International / Domestic USE:
effective against mosquitos / ticks / biting flies / chiggers / fleas
DEET / PICARIDIN
OLE + PMD
oil of lemon eucalyptus + p-methane 3,8-dio
IR3535
domestic use:
2-undecanone + catnip oil (not for ticks)
UNREGISTERED Active Ingredients
INSECT REPELLANTS
FDA is reconsidering because of lack of _EFFICACY_
but are considered SAFE
Cedar / Citronella / Geranium / Soybean
OILS
Peppermint + Peppermint OIL
DEET
General Info
US EPA Registered Active Ingredient
Duration of protection = Related to STRENGTH
5 - 100% DEET
Protectant duration is DECREASED by:
High ambient TEMP
SWEAT/WATER exposure
con be used on both: SKIN + CLOTHING
some systemic absorption
renally eliminated within 12 hours
DEET
Side Effects
Skin + Eye Irritation
Odor
Organic Solvent = damaging to:
Plastics / ryon / crystals
spandex / painted surfaces
avoid contact with these
What Transmits Malaria?
Malaria = Parasite
MOSQUITOS
also transmit filariasis = parasite
What transmitted LYME Disease?
TICKS
also they transmit
rocky mountain fever, both are bacterias
What Transmitted the PLAGUE?
bacteria
BITING FLY / FLEAS
also transmitted parasites:
African sleeping sickness + Onchocerciasis
DEET Toxicity
Correct use = LOW RISK OF TOXICITY
most SIGNIFICANT toxicity
= ingestion / frequent repeated topical administration
Reported toxic effects:
CNS
= irritability / tremor / confusion / coma / etc
Dermatologic
= pruritis / bulloous eruption / angioedema
DEET CONCENTRATIONS
& age recommendations
10-30% DEET
Appropriate for MOST US applications
CHILDREN
do NOT use in children <2 months
50% DEET
recommended for HEAVILY infested areas
DEET
Frequency of application
Duration of protection is:
2-5 hours
depending on Strength
24% protects for ~ 5 hours , plateaus @ 50%
REAPPLY if:
high temp / water exposure / heavy sweating
PICARIDIN
- *US EPA Registered** Active Ingredients
- *Cutter / Sawyer / KBR 3023**
Efficacy = 19.2%, similar to DEET 20%
but has SHORTER DURATION
Minimal Toxicity / Less ODOR*** / ***NOT damaging to fabrics+plastics
vs DEET
can be also used on skin + slothing,
frequency also dependent on concentration = 3-14 hours
IR3535
US EPA Registered Active Ingredients
AVON Skin-So-Soft Bug Guard // Bug Repell
Efficacy:
Varied Studies, Short / long duration
Eye Irritant
Systemic Toxicity if ingested / inhaled
damaging to plastics / fabrics
can be used on skin or clothing
2-Undecanone
US EPA Registered Active Ingredients
Methyl Nonyl Ketone = BioUD 7.75%
effective against
Mosquitos + Ticks
- *5 hours for mosquitos**
- *2 hours for ticks**
comparable efficacy to DEET
can be used on skin + clothing
Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus
OLE
- *PMD** = active ingredient
- *30% Concentration** Comparable to 20% DEET
- *Repel // OFF Botanical // Fite Bite**
6 HOURS of Mosquito protection
not for <3 years old
- may cause eye /skin irritation*
- do NOT recommend pure / essential OLE*
CATNIP OIL
derived from a plant in mint family
Refined oil of Nepeta Cataria 7% / 15%
Protects against:
- *Mosquitos + Black Flies**
- NOT TICKS*
7 - 15 hours of protection
Citronella / Citronella oil
Minimum Risk Ingredient
Buzz Away / Natrapel / Bug Block
SHORT duration of protection = 1 hour
candles / coils are INEFFECTIVE
Soybean Oil
- minimum risk ingredient*
- *Bite Blocker / Bioblock**
Efficacy comparable to Deet 4.75%
Duration of protection = 1.5 hours
Instruction for APPLICATION
Insect Repellants
ªUse enough repellent to cover exposed skin or clothing.
- Do not apply repellent under clothing.*
- Heavy application not needed.*
ªDo not apply to _cuts/wounds/irritated skin._
ªAfter returning indoors, wash treated skin with soap and water.
ªDo not spray aerosol or pump products in enclosed areas; do not inhale the aerosol
ªDo not apply aerosol or pump products directly to the face.
Spray your hands and then rub carefully over the face, avoiding eyes and mouth.
ª Discontinue use if skin irritation/rash occurs
