15 - Insect Transmitted Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Mosquito Transmitted Diseases

A
  • *Parasites**
  • *Malaria / Filariasis**

Viruses
Zika / Japanese Encephalitis
Chik Fever

West Nile

Yellow / Dengue Fever

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2
Q

TICK-Transmitted Diseases

A
  • *BACTERIA**
  • *LYME** disease

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

+ many others

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3
Q

Biting Fly + FLEA -Transmitted Disease

A
  • *Bacteria**
  • *PLAGUE**
  • *Parasite**
  • *African SLEEPING Sickness**

Onchocerciasis

Leshmaniasis

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4
Q

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

Preventing Insect-Transmitted Diseases

A

CLOTHING

  • *Long sleeves/pants** w/ cuffs
  • *Boots / shoes / hats**
  • AVOID PERFUMES*
  • *light-colored** clothing

Wear during PEAK vector activity:
Malaria = DUSK –> DAWN

Dengue / Chik mosquitos + sand flies = DAYTIME

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5
Q

Environmental PHYSICAL BARRIERS

Preventing Insect-Transmitted Diseases

A

SCREENS on windows

Sleep under Chemically-treated Mosquito Netting

  • *Eliminate Insect Habitats**
  • *Standing water** = mosquitos

Tall grass / shrubs / leaf litter = ticks

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6
Q

Insect Repellants
Preventing Insect-Transmitted Diseases

A

Classified as PESTICIDES

US EPA Registered Active ingredients
Have been evaluated for both: SAFETY + EFFICACY

Minimum Risk / UN-Registered Agents
have been evaluated for SAFETY
but NOT EFFICACY

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7
Q

US EPA Registered Active Ingredients

PESTICIDES / Insect Repellants

A

International / Domestic USE:
effective against mosquitos / ticks / biting flies / chiggers / fleas

DEET / PICARIDIN

OLE + PMD
oil of lemon eucalyptus + p-methane 3,8-dio

IR3535

domestic use:
2-undecanone + catnip oil (not for ticks)

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8
Q

UNREGISTERED Active Ingredients

INSECT REPELLANTS

A

FDA is reconsidering because of lack of _EFFICACY_
but are considered SAFE

Cedar / Citronella / Geranium / Soybean
OILS

Peppermint + Peppermint OIL

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9
Q

DEET
General Info

A

US EPA Registered Active Ingredient

Duration of protection = Related to STRENGTH
5 - 100% DEET

Protectant duration is DECREASED by:
High ambient TEMP
SWEAT/WATER exposure

con be used on both: SKIN + CLOTHING

some systemic absorption
renally eliminated within 12 hours

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10
Q

DEET
Side Effects

A

Skin + Eye Irritation

Odor

Organic Solvent = damaging to:
Plastics / ryon / crystals
spandex / painted surfaces

avoid contact with these

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11
Q

What Transmits Malaria?

A

Malaria = Parasite

MOSQUITOS

also transmit filariasis = parasite

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12
Q

What transmitted LYME Disease?

A

TICKS
also they transmit
rocky mountain fever, both are bacterias

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13
Q

What Transmitted the PLAGUE?

A

bacteria

BITING FLY / FLEAS

also transmitted parasites:
African sleeping sickness + Onchocerciasis

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14
Q

DEET Toxicity

A

Correct use = LOW RISK OF TOXICITY
most SIGNIFICANT toxicity
= ingestion / frequent repeated topical administration

Reported toxic effects:
CNS
= irritability / tremor / confusion / coma / etc

Dermatologic
= pruritis / bulloous eruption / angioedema

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15
Q

DEET CONCENTRATIONS

& age recommendations

A

10-30% DEET
Appropriate for MOST US applications
CHILDREN
do NOT use in children <2 months

50% DEET
recommended for HEAVILY infested areas

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16
Q

DEET
Frequency of application

A

Duration of protection is:
2-5 hours
depending on Strength
24% protects for ~ 5 hours , plateaus @ 50%

REAPPLY if:
high temp / water exposure / heavy sweating

17
Q

PICARIDIN

A
  • *US EPA Registered** Active Ingredients
  • *Cutter / Sawyer / KBR 3023**

Efficacy = 19.2%, similar to DEET 20%
but has SHORTER DURATION

Minimal Toxicity / Less ODOR*** / ***NOT damaging to fabrics+plastics
vs DEET

can be also used on skin + slothing,
frequency also dependent on concentration = 3-14 hours

18
Q

IR3535

A

US EPA Registered Active Ingredients
AVON Skin-So-Soft Bug Guard // Bug Repell

Efficacy:
Varied Studies, Short / long duration

Eye Irritant
Systemic Toxicity
if ingested / inhaled

damaging to plastics / fabrics

can be used on skin or clothing

19
Q

2-Undecanone

A

US EPA Registered Active Ingredients
Methyl Nonyl Ketone = BioUD 7.75%

effective against
Mosquitos + Ticks

  • *5 hours for mosquitos**
  • *2 hours for ticks**

comparable efficacy to DEET

can be used on skin + clothing

20
Q

Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus
OLE

A
  • *PMD** = active ingredient
  • *30% Concentration** Comparable to 20% DEET
  • *Repel // OFF Botanical // Fite Bite**

6 HOURS of Mosquito protection

not for <3 years old

  • may cause eye /skin irritation*
  • do NOT recommend pure / essential OLE*
21
Q

CATNIP OIL

A

derived from a plant in mint family

Refined oil of Nepeta Cataria 7% / 15%

Protects against:

  • *Mosquitos + Black Flies**
  • NOT TICKS*

7 - 15 hours of protection

22
Q

Citronella / Citronella oil

A

Minimum Risk Ingredient

Buzz Away / Natrapel / Bug Block

SHORT duration of protection = 1 hour

candles / coils are INEFFECTIVE

23
Q

Soybean Oil

A
  • minimum risk ingredient*
  • *Bite Blocker / Bioblock**

Efficacy comparable to Deet 4.75%

Duration of protection = 1.5 hours

24
Q

Instruction for APPLICATION

Insect Repellants

A

ªUse enough repellent to cover exposed skin or clothing.

  • Do not apply repellent under clothing.*
  • Heavy application not needed.*

ªDo not apply to _cuts/wounds/irritated skin._

ªAfter returning indoors, wash treated skin with soap and water.

ªDo not spray aerosol or pump products in enclosed areas; do not inhale the aerosol

ªDo not apply aerosol or pump products directly to the face.
Spray your hands and then rub carefully over the face, avoiding eyes and mouth.

ª Discontinue use if skin irritation/rash occurs

25
Q

INSECT REPELLENTS ON CHILDREN

A
  • DO NOT USE ON* <2 months
  • instead use* barriers

> 2months:

  • *apply to own hands** –> rub on child
  • do not put on children’s hands* –> oral exposure

avoid eyes / mouth / little around ears

26
Q

Insect Repellent

during PREGNANCY

A
  • *protection is IMPORTANT** due to recent outbreaks of
  • *ZIKA VIRUS**

microcephaly –> risk to infant during intrauterine expose

_no additional precaustions
for pregnant / lactating women
_

27
Q

Combination Repellants
Sunscreens + Repellants

A

NOT RECOMENDED

DEET may reduce SPF of sunscreens
seperate applications by 1 hour

Sunscreen may ENHANCE DEET absorption

sunscreens generally applied MORE frequently –> can lead t
EXCESSIVE repellant
or inadequate sunscreen

28
Q

Personal Protection Devices

REPELLANTS

A

Some efficacy to REDUCE BITES

OFF Clip-On
metoflurthrin

Terminix AllClear Sidekick
cinnamin + other oils

requires batteries + refills

29
Q

Ineffective Repellant Products

A

Chemically treated wristbands

Electronic repellents

Thiamine / Vit B1

GARLIC

30
Q

PERMETHRIN

Insect Repellant

A

0.5% Sprays:
Permanone / Sawyer / 3M
/ pre-treated gear

Registered for use on:
Clothing / shoes / bedding / gear

NOT for use on SKIN

effective against:
Mosquitos + Ticks + Anthropods

31
Q

Permethrin Insect Repellant

TOXICITY / Efficacy

A

Eye / Skin Irritation

CARCINOEN = pesticide use

  • *Prolonged DURATION of efficacy**:
  • *Reapply** after item has been washed 5 times

commercially pre-treated = 25 washes

32
Q
  • *Insect Repellents**
  • *General Protection?**
A

Insect repellants provide
Significant, but NOT COMPLETE protection

Need to be used in

  • *CONJUNCTION** with other protective measures:
  • *PHYSICAL Barriers**

Iummunologic Protection = VACCINES

Chemoprophylaxis