11 - Sunburns & Sunscreens Flashcards
Tan
UV Radiation stimulates melanocytes in the germinating skin layer
to generate MELANIN
2 Processes:
Immediate Pigment Darkening
DELAYED Tanning = Menalogenesis
Sunburn
Result of an inflammatory reaction
mediators –> peripheral vasodilation
Superficial burn:
mild erythema / tenderness / pain / edema
- *Superficial** / Partial Thickness BURN:
- *blisters** / fever / chills / weakness / shock
UVC Band
200 - 290 nm
SCREENED OUT by the OZONE LAYER
emitted by some artificial sources of UV Radiation
absorbed by the dead cell layer
UVB Band
290 - 320 nm
90% of Sunburn Radiation
responsible for:
inducing skin cancer / wrinkling the skin / elastosis & collagen dmg
&
VITAMIN D3 SYNTHESIS
UVA Band
320 - 400ngm
Penetrates DEEPER into the skin
promotes photoaging
suppresses the IMMUNE SYSTEM
can be found in tanning booths
Drug-Induced PHOTOallergy
uncommon _immunologic response_
Urticaria / Bullae / Sunborn
reaction is NOT dose-related
Seen after at LEAST 1 prior exposure to the agent
Drug-Induced Photo-TOXICITY
Seen upon FIRST Exposure to Chemical agent
DOSE-RELATED
Appears as an Exaggerated sunburn
Reaction is NOT immunologically mediated
Select Medications
PhotoToxicity / PhotoAllergy
Anti:
Cancer / Convulsants
Depressants / Psychotics
Histamines / Hypertensives
Infectives / Malarials
Coal Tar / Diuretics
NSAIDS
Amiodarone / Retinoids / Statins
Premature Aging
Wrinking & Yellowing of the skin
Elastosis
Drying & Thickening
Cracking / Spider Vesicles / Growths
WARNING SIGNS OF CANCER
A B C D E
Asymmetric
Border Irregularity
Color Variance
Diameter > 1/4 inch
Elevation & Enlargement
Sunburn
RISK FACTORS
FAIR SKIN that always burn / History of a serious burn
Blonde/Red Hair /// Blue-green-grey eyes
History of freckling / growth on skin
FH of Melanoma / H of autoimmune disorder
current use of immunosuppresive / photosensitizing meds
Non-Therapy
Sunburn Prevention
Complete Avoidance of UVR
Use Protective Clothing:
Hat w/ 4 inch brim
long pants / shirt
Sunglasses
SPF
Sun Protection Factor
derived from an equation
ONLY considers UVB Radiation
SPF 30 provides ALL-DAY protection for all skin types
Minimal / Moderate / High
Sunburn Protection
SPF 2 -12 = MINIMAL
SPF 12-30 = Moderate
SPF 30+ = HIGH sunburn protection
Water-Resistant Sunscreen
- *40** Minutes or 80 minutes
- *of WATER Exposure**
Waterproof / Sweat-proof / SunBLOCK
claims are NO LONGER ALLOWED
Broad Spectrum SPF
Greater than 15>
Protects against BOTH - UVB & UVA
SPF 15> or higher:
Helps reduce risk of
skin cancer / premature againg
when used in conjuction with:
limiting time in the sun + wearing protective clothing
Broad Spectrum SPF
Less than 15<
protection from UVB / UVA
SPF <15 or lower:
only protection from sunburn
still has a skin cancer / skin aging alert
Chemical Sunscreen Ingredients
- *Aminobenzoic** acid
- AE = contact dermatitis / photosensitivity*
- *Anthranilates**
- usually in COMBO / WEAK UV sunscreen*
- *Benzophenones**
- UVA + UVB absorb /// sensitivity reactions*
- *Cinnamates**
- UVA + UVB absorb /// does NOT adhere to skin well*
- *Salicylates**
- weak sunscreens*
- *Dibenzoylmethane**
- UVA absorption*
Physical Sunscreens
SCATTER UVR
Titanium dioxide & Zinc oxide
Messy / discolor clothing
Efficacy is RELATED to THICKNESS they are applied
Combination Sunscreen Products
EACH active ingredient MUST contribute to the efficacy of a product
- minimum* SPF of 2
- NO LIMITS on the* # of ingredients that can be combined
GOOD Sunscreens
Neutrogena Ultra-Sheer Dry-Touch Sunblock SPF w/ Helioplex
Neutrogena UVA/UVB Sunblock SPF 45
Blue Lizard Australian Sunscreen
SOLBAR Sunscreen
Coppertone SPORT Sunblock GEL SPF 30
Chemical - FREE Sunscreens
Neutrogena Sensitive Skin Sunblock Lotion SPF 30
Vanicream Sunscreen
Clinique Super City Block SPF 25
Sunscreen APPLICATION
Allow adequate penetration
Apply 15 min prior to sun exposure
Adult body covered with <1 ounce
AVOID EYE CONTACT / EXTERNAL USE ONLY
Reapply
DO NOT use on children <6 mo
keep then in the SHADE / avoid using sunscreen
dress them in LONG SLEEVE / HATS / GLASSES
Sunscreen for
Children 6 months of age and OLDER
do NOT use sunscreen if <6 months old
Use sunscreen that contains:
Zinc Oxide / Titanium Dioxide
Keep children in the SHADE
Dress them in
long-sleeve shirts / pants / wide-brimmmed hats / sunglasses
Sunburn RELIEF
AVOID further exposure
Cool Compresses
Heat stroke occurs with EXCESSIVE exposure:
Analgesics
Protectants
Local Anesthetics
Fresh aloe vera gel = INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
Sun Exposure
MAX Exposure is 10am - 3pm
Clouds reduce UV radiation up to 30%
Reflected UV radiation is Damaging
WET clothing allows 50% transmission
- *Window Glass** blocks:
- *UVB** radiation & 50% UVA radiation
Global Solar UV Index
