1.5 Influences on Behavior Flashcards
What are neurotransmitters?
- Chemicals that are passed through neurons
- 100 different types of them
Drugs and neurotransmitters?
- agonists
- antagonists
agonist drug?
-manipulates the feeling of a neurotransmitter
Antagonist?
-Suppress a neurotransmitter from working
What is Acetylcholine?
- neurotransmitter
- CNS and PNS
Acetylcholine and CNS?
- Excites
- Attention and arousal
What happens if acetylcholine stops working in CNS?
- Alzheimers
- neuron can’t get the signal to remember
Acetylcholine and PNS?
-excitory and inhibitory
Somatic PNS and Acetylcholine?
-excting and moving a muscle
Autonomic PNS and Acetylcholine
-Inhibit heart muscle
Epinephrine,Norepinephrine, dopamine make what group?
Catecholamines
-functions are the same
Biogenic Amiens
-structures are the same
What does epinephrine do?
- Treated more like a hormone
- Adrenaline
- Sympathetic ANS
- fight or flight
What does norepinephrine do?
-local neurotransmitter
What happens if you have too much norepinephrine?
-Anxiety
What happens if you don’t have enough?
-Depression
Dopamine?
- Neurotransmitter
- found in the basal ganglia
- works with producing smooth movement
How is dopamine related to schizophrenia?
- Theory that either the brain has too much dopamine or is too sensative
- causes hallucinations
How is dopamine related to parkinson’s?
- Located in basal ganglia
- neurons that carry dopamine aren’t being produced properly
- Shaky movements
Real world Example: Schizophrenia and drugs
- The drugs used to treat schizophrenia mess wit the extrapyrmdial system of the basal ganglia
- Person has problems with movements
Real World Example: Parkinsons and drugs
- LDOPA
- too much taken causes hallucinations
What is Serotonin?
- happiness, eating, sleeping
- biogenic amino
Too much serotonin?
Very anxious person
too little serotonin?
Depression
GABA, Glycine?
-brain stability
How does GABA and Glycine relate to Hyper polarization?
- Increases the threshold for which another stimulus can interecede
- the brain can only focus on one stimulus at a time
Glutmate?
Excites the brain
Peptide Neurotransmitter?
- neuromodulator
- slower
- effect a longer time
What is an example of a peptide neurotransmitter?
- endorphines
- pain
General what is the endocrine system?
- hormones
- blood stream
- specific organs responsible
Endocrien System: Hypothalamus
Controls the pituitary gland in making the hormones
Endocrien System: Pituitary gland
- receiving orders from the hypothalamus
- create the hormones
- Sends the hormones to different places
Pituitary gland: Anterior Pituitary gland
-send the created hormones to different endocrine organs so they can carry out their products
Endocrien System: Adrenal Gland
- Kidneys
- adrenal cortex
- adrenal medulla
- sex hormones
Adrenal Gland: Adrenal Medulla
-creates the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal Gland: Adrenal Cortex
- Cortical steroids
- cortisol
Endocrine System:
- Create the sex hormones
- reproductive regions
Innate Behavior:
-Behaviors that we are born with
Learned Behaviors:
-pick up based on your environment
Adaptative Value:
-Measure of how the behavior or trait results in offspring and survival
Nature v.s. Nuture
-Debate on what is mainly responsible for your behavior
What is nature?
-Genetics that made you contribute to your behavior
What is nurture?
-environment contributes to your behavior
What are the different studies that you can conduct on behavior?
- parent
- twin
- adoption
Parent study?
- Family v.s. unique individuals
- Genetic studying
Problem with parent studies?
-Everyone is in the same environment
Twin Studies?
- MZ (identical), DZ (fraternal)
- genetic studies
Concordance level?
-Probability that both twins have the trait
Example of twin studies?
- raising them together
- raising them apart
Adoption Studies
- Adoptive family on the child v.s. the original parents
- Environmental as well as genetics
Example of Adoption study?
- IQ levels
- Orginal family plays more of a role
