1.4 Parts of The Forebrain Flashcards
What is the forebrain?
-Newest part of the brain
-Dicephalon: thalamus,hypothalmus,pituatary gland, pineal gland
Telecephalon: Cerebral Cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
What is the Thalmus?
- Sensory or relay station
- organizes all of the sensory neuron information for the cerebral context
What is the hypothalamus and what does it do?
- foods/fluid
- fight
- flight
- sexual reproduction
Say that you are thirsty, how does the hypothalamus work then?
-Osmoreceptors get sent to your hypothalamus region where it can then make a signal for your body to drink
Lateral Hypothalamus?
Large hunger
-Allows you to eat
What if your lateral hypothalamus does not work?
-you will never feel hungry
Ventral Medial hypothalamus?
- Very full
- Tell you to stop eating
If the ventral medial doesn’t work?
-Obesity
Anterior Hypothalamus?
- sex
- sleep regions
Explain the Real world experiment with Cats and aggression?
- removed the cerebral cortex of the cat and kept the hypothalamus (sensitive Cat)
- Removed both (not so sensitive cat)
Posterior Pituitary gland?
-This creates the hormones for the hypothalamus to release
Pineal Gland?
- Sleep cycles
- coordinating retina with light
- releasing melatonin
Basal Ganglia?
- Responsible for a smooth coordinating movements
- keeps your posture steady
- gets signals from the cortex
How does the extrapyramedial system work with the basal ganglia?
-Sends the brain and spinal cord how the body is positioned
What are basal ganglia diseases?
Parkinson’s disease
OCD
What is the limbic system?
- emotion and memory
- hippocampus
- septal nuclie
- amygdala
- anterior cingulate cortex
Septal Nuclei?
Addiction area of the brain
Real World example of the Septal Nuclei? Rats.
Rats stimulated in that part when they pull a lever they loved it more than food
Amygdala
AMY GOT A DOLLA
-fear and aggression parts of the brain
What happens if you don’t have an amygdala?
fearless and docile
Hippocampus?
Memory
- store longterm memories
- retrieve memories and sends to cortex if asked
Two types of amnesia
Retro
anterior
Retrograde?
-Remember the new but not the old
Anterograde?
Remember the old but nothing new
Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Think of colgate
- motivation and emotion
- impulse control/decision making
- works frontal and partial lobes
Cerebral Cortex?
- Neocortext
- frontal
- temporal
- parietal
- occipital
What is Gyri?
bumps
What is the Sulci?
Folds
What does the frontal lobe split into?
- prefrontal cortext
- motor cortex
What does the prefrontal cortex do?
- Big sister
- bosses other parts of the brain around
- Example: you have to remember something but doesn’t tell you what exactly
- organization
- longterm planning
- impulse control
- emotion
If the prefrontal is damaged?
- Immature individual
- emotional
- curses
- uncontroleld movements
What does the frontal motor cortex do?
- Controlling of movement
- fine motor movements from CNS processing
What is the difference between an association area and a projection area?
Association area works with other groups
Projection area motor tasks
Brocas Area?
speech formation
found in the dominant hemisphere
Parietal Lobe?
- Somatosensory cortex
- spatial reasoning
What does the somatosensory cortex do?
Pressure,pain,temperture stimulus
Occipital lobe?
Works with sight and processing vision cues
Temporal lobe?
processing sound
and understanding language
What part of the brain is the temporal lobe close to?
hippocampus
what is the wernicke’s area?
Understanding speech area
What is contra laterally?
One side of the brain processes and then controls the opposite side of the body
Example: Movement
What is ipsilaterally?
-One side of the brain which deals with the same side of the body
Example: Sound
What is the dominant side of your brain responsible for?
-Understanding language and processing information
Non-dominante side?
-creative side, emotional side, spatial reasoning
Do hand dominance tell you your dominant part of the brain?
NO!
Study showed that you can use the left side of your brain and still be left handed
