15 - Head and neck

Question 1

Main cause of tooth loss before 35

Answer 1

dental carries

Question 2

Most common oral fungal infection:

Answer 2

Candida albicans

Question 3

Sixth most common neoplasm in the world:

Answer 3

squamous cell carcinoma (in the head and neck)

Question 4

Most common type of cancer in the head and neck:

Answer 4

squamous cell carcinoma (95%)

Question 5

Most common type of odontogenic tumor:

Answer 5

odontoma

Question 6

Most common histology of laryngeal carcinoma:

Answer 6

squamous cell carninoma

Question 7

Which branchial arch most commonly leads to a branchial cleft cyst?

Answer 7

second branchial arch

Question 8

Most common congenital anomaly of the thyroid gland

Answer 8

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 9

-Most common location o f paragangliomas:

Answer 9

adrenal medulla (pheochromocytoma)

Question 10

Most common cause of xerostomia:

Answer 10

drugs (e.g. anticholinergics, antihistamine, antipsychotics, antidepressants)

Question 11

Most common type of inflammatory salivary gland:

Answer 11

mucocele

Question 12

most common salivary gland lesion:

Answer 12

mucocele

Question 13

Most common form of viral sialadenitis:

Answer 13

mumps

Question 14

Most common site of tumors (regardless of behavior):

Answer 14

parotid gland

Question 15

Most common gland involved in mumps:

Answer 15

parotid gland

Question 16

Most common gland involved in sialolithiasis:

Answer 16

submandibular

Question 17

Most common microorganisms (2) implicated in sialolithiasis

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus and viridans streptococcus

Question 18

Most common tumor of the salivary glands:

Answer 18

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 19

Most common benign tumor of the salivary glands:

Answer 19

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 20

Second most common benign tumor of the salivary glands:

Answer 20

Warthin tumor

Question 21

Most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary glands:

Answer 21

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 22

Main cause of tooth loss before age 35.

Answer 22

Dental caries

Question 23

Main consequences of gingivitis.

Answer 23

Plaque and calculus

Question 24

Fibrous proliferative lesion usually occurring in children, adults and pregnant women (pregnancy tumor); histologically, characterized by organizing granulation tissue (highly vascular).

Answer 24

Pyogenic granuloma

Question 25

Most common oral fungal infection.

Answer 25

Candidiasis

Question 26

Characterized by vesicle formation; histologically characterized by ballooned cells with large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions (Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies).

Answer 26

Herpetic gingivostomatitis

Question 27

A white/red plaque that cannot be scraped off; considered precancerous unless proven otherwise; the red plaque is more associated with malignancy than the white plaque; most common risk factor is cigarette smoking.

Answer 27

Leukoplakia/Erythroplakia

Question 28

Most common histologic type of oral cavity cancer.

Answer 28

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 29

Most common benign tumor of the salivary gland; histologically characterized by epithelial elements arranged in ducts, acini, irregular tubules, strands, or even sheets, in a mesenchyme-like background of loose myxoid tissue containing islands of chondroid and rarely, foci of bone; locally invasive.

Answer 29

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 30

The most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands composed of mucous and squamous cells.

Answer 30

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 31

Most common epithelial odontogenic tumor that arises from odontogenic epithelium that does not demonstrate extomesenchymal differentiation; locally invasive.

Answer 31

Ameloblastoma

Question 32

Rare neoplasm with strong links to EBV and high frequency among the Chinese population. Characterized by large epithelial cells having indistinct borders (syncytial growth) and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli.

Answer 32

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 33

A benign neoplasm usually on the true vocal cords that forms a soft, raspberry-like excresence rarely more then 1 cm in diameter; consists of multiple, slender, finger-like projections.

Answer 33

Laryngeal papilloma

Question 34

Most common symptom of laryngeal carcinoma.

Answer 34

Persistent hoarseness

Question 35

Common etiologic agents implicated in laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 35

Smoking, alcohol, asbestos, radiation, HPV

Question 36

Most common histologic type of laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 36

Squamous cell carcinoma (95%)

Question 37

Most common location of laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 37

Glottic (60-75%)

Question 38

Most common cause of otitis media.

Answer 38

Viral

Question 39

Most common primary bacterial causes of acute otitis media.

Answer 39

S. pneumoniae, non-typeable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

Question 40

Most common causes of chronic otitis media.

Answer 40

P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, fungus, mixed

Question 41

Complications of otitis media.

Answer 41

Brain abscess and cholesteatoma

Question 42

True cyst arising from remnant of second branchial arch (most common); clinically presents as upper lateral neck mass along SCM.

Answer 42

Branchial cleft cyst

Question 43

Most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland; arising from remnants of thyroid gland descent; clinically present as a midline mass along the track of descent of the thyroid gland; treatment of choice is Sistrunk procedure.

Answer 43

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 44

Neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with ANS; basically, an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma (histologically); can be located paravertebral (sympathetic), or in aorticopulmonary chain (parasympathetic).

Answer 44

Paranganglioma

Question 45

Most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion and the most common salivary gland lesion.

Answer 45

Mucocele

Question 46

Most common form of viral sialadenitis; most common gland involved: parotid.

Answer 46

Mumps

Question 47

Most common gland involved in sialolithiasis.

Answer 47

Submandibular

Question 48

Most common site of tumors regardless of behavior.

Answer 48

Parotid gland

Question 49

Most common tumor of the salivary gland; also the most common benign tumor.

Answer 49

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 50

Most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary gland; and the second most common tumor.

Answer 50

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 51

Second most common benign tumor of the salivary gland, with high association with smoking.

Answer 51

Warthin tumor (Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)

Question 52

Highly aggressive malignancy of the salivary gland, with high propensity for perinueral invasion, and high occurrence of distant metastasis.

Answer 52

Adenoid cystic carcinoma