15 - Head and neck Flashcards
Main cause of tooth loss before 35
dental carries
Most common oral fungal infection:
Candida albicans
Sixth most common neoplasm in the world:
squamous cell carcinoma (in the head and neck)
Most common type of cancer in the head and neck:
squamous cell carcinoma (95%)
Most common type of odontogenic tumor:
odontoma
Most common histology of laryngeal carcinoma:
squamous cell carninoma
Which branchial arch most commonly leads to a branchial cleft cyst?
second branchial arch
Most common congenital anomaly of the thyroid gland
thyroglossal duct cyst
-Most common location o f paragangliomas:
adrenal medulla (pheochromocytoma)
Most common cause of xerostomia:
drugs (e.g. anticholinergics, antihistamine, antipsychotics, antidepressants)
Most common type of inflammatory salivary gland:
mucocele
most common salivary gland lesion:
mucocele
Most common form of viral sialadenitis:
mumps
Most common site of tumors (regardless of behavior):
parotid gland
Most common gland involved in mumps:
parotid gland
Most common gland involved in sialolithiasis:
submandibular
Most common microorganisms (2) implicated in sialolithiasis
Staphylococcus aureus and viridans streptococcus
Most common tumor of the salivary glands:
Pleomorphic adenoma
Most common benign tumor of the salivary glands:
Pleomorphic adenoma
Second most common benign tumor of the salivary glands:
Warthin tumor
Most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary glands:
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Main cause of tooth loss before age 35.
Dental caries
Main consequences of gingivitis.
Plaque and calculus
Fibrous proliferative lesion usually occurring in children, adults and pregnant women (pregnancy tumor); histologically, characterized by organizing granulation tissue (highly vascular).
Pyogenic granuloma
Most common oral fungal infection.
Candidiasis
Characterized by vesicle formation; histologically characterized by ballooned cells with large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions (Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies).
Herpetic gingivostomatitis
A white/red plaque that cannot be scraped off; considered precancerous unless proven otherwise; the red plaque is more associated with malignancy than the white plaque; most common risk factor is cigarette smoking.
Leukoplakia/Erythroplakia
Most common histologic type of oral cavity cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common benign tumor of the salivary gland; histologically characterized by epithelial elements arranged in ducts, acini, irregular tubules, strands, or even sheets, in a mesenchyme-like background of loose myxoid tissue containing islands of chondroid and rarely, foci of bone; locally invasive.
Pleomorphic adenoma
The most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands composed of mucous and squamous cells.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Most common epithelial odontogenic tumor that arises from odontogenic epithelium that does not demonstrate extomesenchymal differentiation; locally invasive.
Ameloblastoma
Rare neoplasm with strong links to EBV and high frequency among the Chinese population. Characterized by large epithelial cells having indistinct borders (syncytial growth) and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
A benign neoplasm usually on the true vocal cords that forms a soft, raspberry-like excresence rarely more then 1 cm in diameter; consists of multiple, slender, finger-like projections.
Laryngeal papilloma
Most common symptom of laryngeal carcinoma.
Persistent hoarseness
Common etiologic agents implicated in laryngeal carcinoma
Smoking, alcohol, asbestos, radiation, HPV
Most common histologic type of laryngeal carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (95%)
Most common location of laryngeal carcinoma
Glottic (60-75%)
Most common cause of otitis media.
Viral
Most common primary bacterial causes of acute otitis media.
S. pneumoniae, non-typeable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis
Most common causes of chronic otitis media.
P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, fungus, mixed
Complications of otitis media.
Brain abscess and cholesteatoma
True cyst arising from remnant of second branchial arch (most common); clinically presents as upper lateral neck mass along SCM.
Branchial cleft cyst
Most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland; arising from remnants of thyroid gland descent; clinically present as a midline mass along the track of descent of the thyroid gland; treatment of choice is Sistrunk procedure.
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with ANS; basically, an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma (histologically); can be located paravertebral (sympathetic), or in aorticopulmonary chain (parasympathetic).
Paranganglioma
Most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion and the most common salivary gland lesion.
Mucocele
Most common form of viral sialadenitis; most common gland involved: parotid.
Mumps
Most common gland involved in sialolithiasis.
Submandibular
Most common site of tumors regardless of behavior.
Parotid gland
Most common tumor of the salivary gland; also the most common benign tumor.
Pleomorphic adenoma
Most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary gland; and the second most common tumor.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Second most common benign tumor of the salivary gland, with high association with smoking.
Warthin tumor (Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
Highly aggressive malignancy of the salivary gland, with high propensity for perinueral invasion, and high occurrence of distant metastasis.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
