1.5 Attempts to Reduce Tension Between the East and West

Question 1

<p>What was <strong>Détente</strong>?</p>

Answer 1

<p>A <strong>period of peace </strong>between two groups that were previously at war or hostile to each other</p>

Question 2

<p>Why did the USA and Soviet Union follow a policy of Détente? Give 2 reasons</p>

Answer 2

<p>Both had internal reasons</p>

<p>Nixon was elected president of the USA. The Vietnam war had killed almost 60,000 Americans and billions of dollars had been spent. The US government wanted to focus on social problems and inequalities, especially due to urban rioting in many US cities</p>

<p>The Soviet Union was facing economic problems and wanted to cut spending on weapons so that it could try to improve living standards</p>

Question 3

<p>What was SALT 1 and when did it take place?</p>

Answer 3

<p>The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 1 was signed in May 1972. It agreed to limit Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles, Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles and Anti-Ballistic Missiles between both countries</p>

Question 4

<p>What were the agreements at SALT 1 about missiles?</p>

Answer 4

<ul><li>No more strategic ballistic weapons could be produced and the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) could not rise</li><li>No new nuclear missile launch sites &amp; launchers were allowed</li></ul>

Question 5

<p>What was the <strong>importance </strong>of SALT 1?</p>

Answer 5

<ul><li>SALT 1 slowed down the arms race, as no side had a clear advantage and they stopped one side gaining a further advantage</li><li>It was important because it showed the improvement in relations between the USA and USSR</li><li>Nixon and Brezhnev visited each other’s countries over this period</li><li>SALT 1 also led to further negotiations (including SALT 2)</li></ul>

Question 6

<p>When wasthe Helsinki Conference?</p>

Answer 6

<p>The Helsinki Conference was in July 1975</p>

Question 7

<p>Give 3 areas of agreement that were set out at SALT 1</p>

Answer 7

<p>SALT 1 agreed to:</p>

<ul>
<li>Limited the number of ICBMs each country could have (1,054 ICBMs for USA and 1,618 for the Soviet Union because the USA had more strategic bombers)</li>
<li>Limited SLBMs to 740 each</li>
<li>It also included the Basic Principles Agreement that laid down rules for the conduct of nuclear warfare such as no warheads on the seabed</li>
</ul>

Question 8

<p>What were the Helsinki accords and when were they signed?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Signed in 1975, NATO and Warsaw Pact countries met to build on SALT 1 and make agreements on three areas</p>

Question 9

<p>What three areaswas there agreement about in the Helsinki Accords?</p>

Answer 9

<p>European borders, international cooperation and human rights</p>

Question 10

<p>What was SALT 2 and when did it happen?</p>

Answer 10

<p>To build on SALT 1, talks towards SALT 2 continued until 18th June 1979</p>

Question 11

<p>What were 2 agreements at SALT 2?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Restrictions on missile launchers and strategic bombers as well as a ban on testing or deploying new types of ICBM</p>

Question 12

<p>What events during the late 1970s helped ensure SALT 2 was a failure?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Some US politicians called for a stronger stance against the Soviet Union in response to an increase in Soviet support in countries such as El Salvador and Nicaragua</p>

<p>Also, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</p>

Question 13

<p>What were 2 consequences of SALT 1?</p>

Answer 13

<p>There was a symbolic importance of improving US-Soviet relations</p>

<p>Also, shortly after signing SALT 1, Nixon visited Brezhnev in Moscow, and in 1973 the Soviet leader came to Washington</p>

Question 14

<p>Name two reforms introduced by Gorbachev’s to improve the Communist Party</p>

Answer 14

<ul>
<li>Perestroika</li>
<li>Glasnost</li>
</ul>

Question 15

<p>Describe <strong>Glasnost</strong></p>

Answer 15

<p>There should be more openness and less corruption in government. It would allow opposition to the government and give the people a better understanding of how the country was run</p>

Question 16

<p>Describe <strong>Perestroika</strong></p>

Answer 16

<p>The Soviet state and economy should be reformed in order to include some of the practices that made capitalism successful</p>

Question 17

<p>Give two other examples of how Gorbachev attempted to reduce tension with the USA</p>

Answer 17

<ul>
<li>Signed various <strong>arms reduction agreements</strong></li>
<li><strong>Stopped Soviet interference</strong> in Eastern European satellite states such as Poland and Czechoslovakia</li>
</ul>

Question 18

<p>Give an example of a successful summit meeting that took place 1985-90 to discuss arms limitations</p>

Answer 18

<p>Washington, December 1987</p>

Question 19

<p>What did the INF Treaty 1987 eliminate?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Nuclear and ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges of 500-5500km i.e. <strong>intermediate and short-range missiles</strong></p>

Question 20

<p>What were both USA and USSR allowed to do under the INF Treaty?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Inspect each other’s military installations</p>

Question 21

<p>Give one reason the INF Treaty was significant</p>

Answer 21

<p>It was the first treaty to<strong> reduce the number of nuclear missiles </strong>the superpowers possessed. It went further than SALT 1</p>

Question 22

<p>Who were the US and Soviet leaders at SALT 1?</p>

Answer 22

<ul>
<li>Brezhnev (USSR)</li>
<li>Nixon (USA)</li>
</ul>

Question 23

<p>Who were the US and Soviet leaders at SALT 2?</p>

Answer 23

<ul>
<li>Brezhnev (USSR)</li>
<li>Carter (USA)</li>
</ul>