1.1 Early Tension Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What countries were in the<strong> Grand Alliance</strong>?</p>

A
<ul>
	<li>The Soviet Union</li>
	<li>Britain</li>
	<li>The USA</li>
</ul>
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2
Q

<p>In what year was the Grand Alliance created?</p>

A

<p>1941</p>

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3
Q

<p>When was the Tehran Conference?</p>

A

<p>The Tehran Conference was between November-December 1943</p>

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4
Q

<p>What were the agreements regarding the warat the Tehran Conference?</p>

A

<ul><li>USA and Britain agreed to invade Europe from the West, through Nazi-occupied France. The Soviet Union agreed to invade from the East.</li><ul><li>This was known as opening a ‘second front’</li></ul><li>After the defeat of Germany, the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan</li></ul>

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5
Q

<p>What were the agreements regarding the postwar world at the Tehran Conference?</p>

A

<ul><li>The Polish border would be moved westward, to fall along the Oder and Neisse rivers.</li><ul><li>Poland would gain territory from Germany and lose some to the Soviet Union</li></ul><li>An international organisation would be set up to settle disagreements between countries in future. This laid the ground for the United Nations Organisation (UN)</li></ul>

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6
Q

<p>Who were the leaders atthe Tehran Conference?</p>

A
<ul>
	<li>Stalin (The Soviet Union)</li>
	<li>Roosevelt (The USA)</li>
	<li>Churchill (Britain)</li>
</ul>
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7
Q

<p>When was the Yalta Conference?</p>

A

<p>The Yalta Conference was in February 1945</p>

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8
Q

<p>Who were the leaders at the Yalta Conference?</p>

A
<ul>
	<li>Stalin (Soviet Union)</li>
	<li>Roosevelt (USA)</li>
	<li>Churchill (Britain)</li>
</ul>
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9
Q

<p>What were the agreements about Germany in Yalta?</p>

A

<ul><li>At Yalta, the superpowers agreed on the Declaration of Liberated Europe. This was designed to aid peopleliberated from Nazi control</li><li>Germany would be forced to pay reparations (payments to the victors) after the war. Stalin, however, disagreed with the other powers as to the number of reparations<ul><li>Germany would be reduced in size, split up and demilitarised</li><li>Nazi war criminals would be tried after the war was over</li></ul></li></ul>

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10
Q

<p>What were the agreements about Eastern Europe in Yalta?</p>

A

<ul><li>Future governments in Eastern Europe would be decided by free elections</li>Poland would fall under the ‘Soviet sphere of influence’, but would be run under a democratic government<ul><li>There was still some tension over Poland as the leaders had disputed the results of free elections there</li></ul></ul>

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11
Q

<p>What were the International agreements in Yalta?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>The Soviets would declare war on Japan after Germany was defeated</li>
<li>The UN (United Nations) would be founded</li>
</ul>

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12
Q

<p>When wasthe <strong>Potsdam Conference</strong>?</p>

A

<p>The Potsdam Conference was during July-August 1945</p>

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13
Q

<p>Who were the leaders at the Potsdam conference?</p>

A

<ul><li>Stalin (Soviet Union)</li><li>Truman (USA)</li><li>Attlee (Britain)</li></ul>

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14
Q

<p>What were the agreements about Germany at Potsdam?</p>

A

<ul><li>The Nazi Party was to be banned</li><li>War criminals were to be prosecuted (tried in court)</li><li>Germany was to be reduced in size and divided into four occupied zones, controlled by the USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union</li><li>Berlin would also be divided along the same lines</li></ul>

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15
Q

<p>When was the Long Telegram written?</p>

A

<p>The Long Telegram was written in 1946</p>

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16
Q

<p>What was the <strong>Long Telegram</strong>?</p>

A

<p>The Long telegram was a secret report sent by US Ambassador on the Soviet Union, George Kennan, to President Truman</p>

17
Q

<p>What were the <strong>Impacts </strong>of the Long Telegram?</p>

A

<ul><li>It argued that the Soviet Union was a threat to capitalism (free trade between people and nations) and had to be destroyed</li><li>It suggested that the Soviets were building their military power</li><li>Most importantly, it said that peace between the USA and the USSR was not possible</li></ul>

18
Q

<p>When was the <strong>Novikov Telegram</strong> written?</p>

A

<p>Novikov's Telegram was written in 1946</p>

19
Q

<p>What were the <strong>Impacts </strong>of Novikov's Telegram?</p>

A

<ul><li>The USA wanted to be the world’s leading power</li><li>The Soviet Union was the only power that could stand up to the USA</li><li>The USA was preparing for war against the Soviets</li></ul>

20
Q

<p>What did the Soviet Union believe their takeover of Eastern European countries was for?</p>

A

<p>The Soviet Union had been invaded twice by Germany (in 1914 and 1941), resulting in a huge territorial, industrial and human loss</p>

<p>Stalin viewed the satellite states as a necessary buffer against invasion</p>

21
Q

<p>What did Britain and the US think of the Soviet Takeover of Eastern Europe?</p>

A

<p>However, Britain and the USA saw this extension of authority as an example of how the Soviet Union wanted to spread communism.
They viewed this as a threat to the West</p>

22
Q

<p>In what year did the Soviet Union develop their own atomic bomb?</p>

A

<p>1949</p>

23
Q

<p>What were the disagreeements at Yalta?</p>

A

<ul><li>Stalin wanted to move the Polish border westwards into German territory. Roosevelt was unhappy but agreed</li><li>Stalin wanted Poland to be a communist country whereas, Churchill supported the London Poles</li></ul>

24
Q

<p>What were the disagreements at Potsdam?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Truman blocked Stalin’s demands for crippling reparations (fines) to be placed on Germany</li>
<li>Truman refused to allow the USSR to occupy Japanonce it was defeated</li>
<li>Truman and Atlee opposed Stalin’s demand that he set up pro-Soviet governments in Eastern Europe</li></ul>

25
Q

<p>Why was the Potsdam Conference less successful?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Stalin’s troops remained in Eastern Europe – hopes of free elections seemed very distant now</li>
<li>Truman informed Stalin that the USA now possessed the atom bomb – Stalin feared that the USA might use this weapon in the future against the USSR</li>
<li>Truman adopted a far more hard-line approach to Stalin than Roosevelt had</li>
<li>The UK and USA were suspicious of Stalin who had now set up a pro-Communist government in Poland</li>
<li>Stalin was suspicious as to why USA wanted Germanyto ‘recover’ economically</li></ul>

26
Q

<p>What was the Iron Curtain Speech?</p>

A

<p>In March 1946, Churchill visited the USA where he made a speech in which he declared that Europe was being divided by Soviet policy. In the West were free and democratic states, but in the East, countries were living under the domination of communism and the USSR – an ‘iron curtain’ separated the two</p>

27
Q

<p>When was the Iron Curtain speech?</p>

A

<p>The Iron Curtain speech was on March 1946</p>

28
Q

<p>How did the Iron Curtain speech affect US-Soviet Relations?</p>

A

<p>It increased tension and mistrust and led the USSR to step up its campaign of anti-Western propaganda</p>

<p>It also intensified hostility</p>

29
Q

<p>What were satellite states?</p>

A

<p>Countries that were freed from Nazi rule by the Red Army. These included: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania</p>

30
Q

<p>How did Stalin set up pro-Communist governments?</p>

A

<p>Although Stalin did hold elections, these were rigged to ensure Communists won. Politicians from other parties were beaten, intimidated or even murdered (e.g. Jan Masaryk). Even after the war, six million Soviet troops remained in Eastern Europe to stamp out opposition</p>