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hlst 110 > sex, gender and health > Flashcards

sex, gender and health Flashcards

1
Q

what is sex

A

a biological characterization, male/female, variants(XXY)

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2
Q

gender is a ___________ definition

A

socially constructed

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3
Q

what is gender

A

it is not something we are born with or we have but something we do or perform.

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4
Q

_______ define gender at birth.

A

physical characteristics

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5
Q

define gender identity

A

how a person feels about themselves, biological traits, developmental influences and environmental conditions, develops over time

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6
Q

how was woman created according to genesis(bible) in history

A

from a rib taken from Adam

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7
Q

what were women’s reproductive organs considered as by medical authors in history?

A

imperfect male genitalia that had yet to mature.

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8
Q

woman was considered an ______ and _______ version of man in history?

A

inferior, immature

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9
Q

according to Hippocrates, women were disposed to excessive fluid because of the ________ of their body.there fore they collected high quantities of ________ in their breasts.

A

porosity
blood

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10
Q

_______ and a ______ drove women to hysteria according to Hippocrates

A

high blood in breasts due to porosity and a wandering uterus

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11
Q

according to Hippocrates women were more inclined to _________ than men.

A

overwhelming emotions

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12
Q

who was the first to perform human dissections?

A

herophilus of Chalcedon(greek physician)
330-260BC

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13
Q

what were some beliefs of herophlius than went against those of Hippocrates?

A

1.uterus doesn’t wander
2.female body was a replica of males except “conceiving, nourishing, giving birth, ripening of milk”
Hence female body could not be considered inferior

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14
Q

herophilus linked hysteria to ____________.

A

postpartum fatigue

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15
Q

what was hysteria identified as in Middle Ages and what was the response?

A

as signs of witchcraft
allowing for the ill treatment(persecution) of women

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16
Q

what is hysteria

A

episode of loss of consciousness, collapse from weakness and breathing difficulties

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17
Q

who was the first female surgeon in Florence?

A

Maria Petroncini Ferretti-1788

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18
Q

founder of modern nursing?

A

Florence nightingale(1820-1910)

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19
Q

who was the first woman to receive MD degree from and American medical school

A

Elizabeth Blackwell(1821-1910)

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20
Q

___________ had their place throughout history in medical practice.

A

midwives

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21
Q

women are _______%more likely to experience depression than men. and are misdiagnosed _____ to ______%.

A

70%
30-50%

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22
Q

what symptoms of depression are often overlooked in women compared with men?

A

fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain and anxiety

23
Q

what does every cell has sex means

A

men and women are diff down to the cellular and molecular levels, diff across all organs, brain, heart, joints

24
Q

what act was signed into law for mandating of women and minorities to be included in clinical trials that were funded by national institute of health?

A

NIH Revitalization act 1993

25
Q

how are we leaving women’s health at chance?

A

1.so much more to learn, not making investment to understand these sex diff
2. not applying the knowledge gained routinely in clinical care.

26
Q

which is the number 1 killer of women in us ?

A

heart disease

27
Q

how does intracoronory ultrasound works?

A

use of sound waves to look at the artery from the inside out

28
Q

________ is the number 1 cause of disability in women in the world.

A

Depression

29
Q

what is the no 1 cancer killer in us today?

A

lung cancer

30
Q

non smoker women are ______ times more likely to be diagnosed with men who never smoked.

A

3x

31
Q

what proportion of brain research that begins in animals is either done on male animals or in those whose sex is not identified.

A

66%

32
Q

what was the main focus of Dr Paula Johnson(cardiologist) in her ted talk-“his/her health care”?

A

sex difference

33
Q

women in history had ________ life expectencies

A

shorter

34
Q

now, average life expectancies are much ______ and women _______ men>

A

longer, outlive

35
Q

what was the life expectancy of men and women at birth in Canada during 1950-52 and 2002?

A

1950-52
MEN-66.3
WOMEN-70.8

2002
MEN-77.2
WOMEN-82.1

36
Q

What are the diff chronic illness and disability that women suffer with more than men?

A

allergies, arthritis, rheumatism, asthma, high bp, emphysema, depression

37
Q

what were the reasons of women’s early death in history?

A

lower status
maternal death
poor nutrition

38
Q

what are the two major reasons of women being hospitalized?

A

childbirth and pregnancy 🤰

39
Q

on average men die ______ years younger, cuts across _____ and _____.

A

5
ses and ethinicity

40
Q

name the 10 leading cause of death and who are more at risk by these?

A

male>female
70.7%deaths from:
cardiovascular disease, tumors, chronic obstructive pulomnary disease, accidents, pneumonia/influenza, suicide, kidney disease, liver/cirrhosis

41
Q

what are the biological theories due to which women outlive men?

A

1.coronary heart disease
higher bp, cholestrol, low level of HDL
2.sex linked diorders
3.estrogen levels

42
Q

what are the behaviroal theories of men that lead to women outliving men?

A

obesity
smoking🚬
risky behavior-accident and suicide
excessive 🥃
Food consuption:overeating, unhealthy diet , fat distribution
Job strain-health damaging behaviors

43
Q

why do female outlive males?

A

males have higher suspectibility to infectious diseases such as coronary heart disease due to high BP, Cholestrol and lower leveles of HDL(high density lipoprotein)

44
Q

what are the genetic theories that affect men and lessen their life expectency

A

sex linked diorders
estrogen levels

45
Q

males are more likely to die in first year of life from _________ and ___________.

A

congenital malformation and genetically linked disease

46
Q

what are the psychosocial theories that leads to women outliving men

A

social support
coping stratergies
men less likely to seek medical health

47
Q

what can be a reason for physicians and family to dismiss women’s health concern?

A

women seeking medical health unlike men

48
Q

what were the color for boys and girls until 1920 in western culutre

A

pink-boys(lighter version of masculine red for blood and war)
light blue-girls-mantel of virgin mary

49
Q

what switched the color code of men from pink to blue?

A

Marketing and consumerism
20s blue jeans associated with men and masculinity

50
Q

what are the stereotypes typically asociated with health for masculinity and femininity?

A

male-strong, tough, invulnerable
female-weak, delicate, vulnerable

51
Q

what diseases were considered sympathatic reaction to diorders of te womb?

A

disease of stomach, liver and lungs

52
Q

___________ was considered environmemntal in males and _________ in females.

A

tuberculosis
menstrual malfunction

53
Q

hysteria=”________”

A

UTERUS

hlst 110 (7 decks)

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