1.4.4 Motivation in theory

Question 1

What did Taylor believe motivated people and how would he get people to work harder?
2

Answer 1

• Incentive of money/income (‘carrot’)

- Threat (‘stick’) the removal of money

Question 2

What financial incentive did Taylor believe to be most effective?
1

Answer 2

• Piece rate

Question 3

What did Mayo believe motivation stemmed from (human relations theory)?
1

Answer 3

• Interpersonal relationships

Question 4

What were the key factors Mayo identified that increase motivation?
3

Answer 4

• Certain lvl freedom/control
• Workers who feel they belong to a team
• Managers take personal interest in their employees (Hawthorne effect)

Question 5

Can you label Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order?

5

Answer 5

1) Physical needs (food/shelter)
2) Safety needs (freedom from anxiety)
3) Social needs (belonging)
4) Esteem needs (status, recognition)
5) Self actualisation (self- fulfilment)

Question 6

What did Herzberg believe?

1

Answer 6

• Factors affecting people at work can be grouped into ‘motivator’ and ‘hygiene factors’

Question 7

What are examples of motivators (Herzberg)?

4

Answer 7

• Achievement
• Recognition for achievement
• Interesting work
• Advancement (psycho)

Question 8

What are examples of hygiene factors (Herzberg)?

5

Answer 8

• Company policy (rules)
• Supervision (over)
• Pay
• Interpersonal relationships
• Working conditions

Question 9

What is division of labour (Taylor) and what is the benefit of this?
2

Answer 9

• Subdividing task into nb of activities

- Workers specialise = efficient at rep tasks