14.4 Living with Volcanoes: Indonesia case study Flashcards
What plates does Indonesia sit on?
Indo-Australian, Pacific and Philippine
How would Indonesia’s tectonic setting be described?
An island arc formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate
How many of Indonesia’s inhabitants live within 100km of an active volcano?
More than three-quarters
What has Indonesia had more of than any other country in the world?
More eruptions causing fatalities + damage to infrastructure than anywhere else
What type of eruptions are associated with Indonesian volcanoes?
Highly explosive eg Krakatoa in 1883
What % of dated volcanic eruptions in Indonesia have occurred since 1900?
80%
Describe Mount Merapi:
A stratovolcano
3000m at peak
Highly active eg 1994, 1997, 2001, 2006
When was Mount Merapi’s recent eruption?
November 2010
What hazards accompanied the 2010 eruption?
Pyroclastic flow Ash fall – destroyed crops and killed animals Lava bombs Lahars Acid rain
How far did pyroclastic flow extend in 2010?
Extended maximum of 15km to the south
How were lahars triggered?
Eruption occurred at the start of the rainy season
How many people killed, injured, and became refugees in 2010?
367 people killed
277 injured
410,000 became refugees
What precautions were taken?
Closure of Yogyakarta airport for over a fortnight
