1.4.2 Ionic Bonding Flashcards
As a general rule
metals are on the left of the periodic table and nonmetals are on the right-hand side
Ionic bonding involves
the transfer of electrons from a metallic element to a non-metallic element
Transferring electrons usually leaves the metal and the non-metal with a
full outer shell
Metals
lose electrons from their valence shell
Metals lose electrons from their valence shell forming
positively charged cations
Non-metal atoms
gain electrons
Non-metal atoms gain electrons forming
negatively charged anions
Once the atoms become ions, their electronic configurations are the same as
a noble gas
A potassium ion (K+) has the same electronic configuration
as argon: [2,8,8]+
A chloride ion (Cl-) also has the same electronic configuration as
argon: [2,8,8]-
Forming cations by the removal of electrons from metals diagram
Forming anions by the addition of electrons to nonmetals diagram
Cations and anions are
oppositely charged and therefore attracted to each other
Electrostatic attractions are formed between
the oppositely charged ions to form ionic compounds
The ionic bond is
the electrostatic attraction formed between the oppositely charged ions, which occurs in all directions ( this called non-directional bonding)
This form of attraction is
very strong and requires a lot of energy to overcome
Cations and anions bond together using strong electrostatic forces, which require a lot of energy to overcomemdiagram
The ions form
a lattice structure
The ions form a lattice structure which is
an evenly distributed crystalline structure
Ions in a lattice are arranged in
a regular repeating pattern so that positive charges cancel out negative charges
The attraction between the cations and anions is
occurring in all directions
Each ion is attracted to
all of the oppositely charged ions around it
Therefore the final lattice is overall
electrically neutral
Ionic solids are arranged in lattice structures diagram
