1.4 Vulnerability And Resilience (models And Theories)

Question 1

Event definition

Answer 1

Event: refers to a natural tectonic occurrence that occurs from a source but is not a hazard

Question 2

Hazard definition

Answer 2

Hazard: Refers to a natural tectonic event which has the potential to cause harm to the environment, people or the economy.

Question 3

Vulnerability definiton

Answer 3

Vulnerability: refers to the natural susceptibility of an area or population to damage from a hazard.

Question 4

Resilience definition

Answer 4

Resilience: refers to an areas/ populations ability to overcome damage from a tectonic hazard.

Question 5

Capacity to cope definiton

Answer 5

Capacity to cope: the measures that a population/ area have in place to reduce/ respond to hazards.

Question 6

Hazard risk equation

Answer 6

Risk = (Event*Vulnerability)/ Capacity to cope

Question 7

UN definition of a disaster

Answer 7

• 500 or more deaths

Question 8

UN definition of a mega disaster

Answer 8

• 2000 or more deaths
• over 200,000 homeless
• GDP reduced by >5%
• Dependence on foreign aid for at least one year after

Question 9

Spatial predictability meaning

Answer 9

Spatial predictability: refers to the extent of which the location of a hazard is known in advance of the event.

Question 10

What and how many main scales are there for measuring magnitude of earthquakes

Answer 10

3 Main Scales
1. Richter scale: measures arrival times, amplitude and distances of P & S waves (logs)
2. Moment Magnitude scale: more accurate, measures energy released by all waves/ shockwaves and movement from ruptures (logs)
3. Mercalli scale: measures damage caused by seismic waves and intensity

Question 11

Measures of volcanic eruption magnitude

Answer 11

Volcanic explosivity Index (VEI): measures magnitude of eruptions —> uses logs of energy released