1.4- Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, and Cogency.

Question 1

Valid Deductive Argument

Answer 1

A deductive argument in which it is impossible that the premises are true and the conclusion false. (It fulfills the inferential requirement).

Question 2

Invalid Deductive Argument

Answer 2

A deductive argument where it is possible that the premises are true and the conclusion false.

Question 3

About the Valid/Invalid Classification:

Answer 3

There is no middle ground between valid and invalid. Also, in a valid argument, it is not necessary for the premises or conclusion to be true, only that if the premises are true then the conclusion must also be true.
Likewise, just because the premises and conclusion are true does not mean the argument is valid.

Question 4

What is the main idea behind validty?

Answer 4

To keep us from accepting reasoning that starts with true premises but arrives at false conclusions.

Question 5

Sound Argument

Answer 5

Is a valid deductive argument and has true premises.

Question 6

What are the two ways a deductive argument can be bad?

Answer 6

1) It has a bad inferential pattern (invalid)
2) It has false premises.

Question 7

Strong Inductive Argument

Answer 7

An inductive argument such that it is improbable that the premise be true and the conclusion false.

Question 8

Weak Inductive Argument

Answer 8

An inductive argument such that the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises.

Question 9

Cogent Argument

Answer 9

Is an inductive argument that is strong and has true premises; if either condition is missing, it is uncongent.

Question 10

Can arguments and statements be true or false?

Answer 10

Arguments are never true or false, only statements. Statements are only true or false, never invalid/valid, strong/weak.