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Infection control > #14 Respiratory Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

#14 Respiratory Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Respiratory Infectious Diseases?

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Influenza
  • H5N1 Avian Influenza
  • Severe Acure Respiratory
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2
Q

What happened in the Mid 1980s?

A
  • HIV epidemic
  • Deterioration of Pubic Heath infrastructure for TB services
  • Homelessness
  • Drug and alcohol abuse
  • immigration from high incidence
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3
Q

What are the CDC TB Prevention Guidelines in the Dental Settings?

A
  • TB education for DHCW
  • Annual skin testing
  • Assess pts for TB hx & symptoms of disease
  • Written TB infection control plan
  • Defer elective treatment for infectious TB pts until non-infectious
  • Refer emergency pts to facility w/ TB controls
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4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Active TB?

A

1) Productive cough
2) Bloody sputum
3) Night sweats
4) Fatique
5) Malaise
6) Fever
7) Unexplained weight loss

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5
Q

How do you know if it is TB or a cold?

A
  • Deep productive cough w/ bloody sputum = TB
  • Nasal Congestion =Cold
  • Weight loss, signifiant fatigue = TB
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6
Q

How do you prevent TB Transmission?

A
  • Ask questions about history of TB and symptoms
  • Refer for medical evaluation if suspect undiagnosed, untreated active TB
  • Defer all elective dental tx until physician clears patient
  • If pt has urgent dental needs, Tx only at facility w/ TB isolation and special air filtration

Note: IF TB is + doesn’t always mean they have TB

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7
Q

How do you protect yourself from TB?

A

-Get baseline tuberculin skin test at beginning of employment and routine thereafter

  • If cough lasts more than 3 wks and you have other symptoms:
  • Get medical eval
  • DON’T return to work until diagnosis is excluded, or confirmed and medication has been started and you care cleared by physician.
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8
Q

How does the Fever symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:

  • Rare in adults and older children
  • in small children fever = 102

Flu:
Usually 102 F but can go up to 104 F and usually lasts 3 to 4 days

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9
Q

How does the Headache symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-Rare

Flu:
Sudden onset & can be severe

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10
Q

How does the Muscle ache symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-mild

Flu:
Usual, & often severe

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11
Q

How does the Tiredness & weakness symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-Mild

Flu:
-Often extreme & can last two or more wks

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12
Q

How does the Extreme exhaustion symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-Never

Flu:
Sudden onset & can be severe

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13
Q

How does the Runny nose symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-Often

Flu:
Sometimes

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14
Q

How does the sneezing symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-Often

Flu:
Sometimes

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15
Q

How does the Sore Throat symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-often

Flu:
Sometimes

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16
Q

How does the Cough symptoms for the Cold vs Flu differ?

A

Cold:
-Mild hacking cough

Flu:
Usual, and can become severe

17
Q

-When was the Influenza Pandemic (Spanish Flu)
__________. killed how many people____?

-What is the Transmission?

A

-1918-1919 (Spanish Flu). KILLED 21 million in 5 months

Transmission:
-Person to person in reps. droplets of coughs or sneezes

  • Droplets propelled up to 3ft; settle in noses or mouths of nearby susceptible people
  • Sometimes via direct contact via contaminated objects before washing hands
  • Viral replication in respiratory epi w/ subsequent destruction of cells
  • Viremia rarely documented; Viral shedding in respiratory secretions up to 5-10 days
18
Q

What is the Avian Influenza?

A
  • Contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds and less commonly pigs.
  • Wild birds carry virus but usually do not get sick
  • Domestic poultry flocks (chickens, turkeys) especially vulnerable
  • Rapidly fatal, birds can die same day as contracting virus
19
Q

What is the Spread and Consequence of the Avian Influenza?

A
  • Infected birds shed virus in saliva, nasal secretions, & feces
  • Large #;s of virus spread via bird droppings therefore contaminating dust, soil, equipment
  • Airborne from bird-to-bird when inhaled
  • Can spread country-to-country by migratory birds, wild ducts, and international trade in live poultry
20
Q

How is Spanish Influenza and H5N1 similar?

A
  • BOTH transmitted by BIRDS
  • BOTH Crossed species barrier from chickens
  • BOTH Almost no one on Earth has immunity
  • BOTH VERY LETHAL
21
Q

Infection Control for Influenza?

A

1) Wash hands often
2) Cover mouth & nose when coughing/sneezing
3) Avoid close contact w/ people who are sick
4) Keep distance from other when you are sick
5) HCW who are ill should restrict themselves from work until they are healthy
6) Get VACCINATED

22
Q

The causative agent for SARS is still _________

It can survive ________ after drying on plastic surfaces

A
  • Unidentified

- 48 hours

23
Q

Microbes will _______ and the epidemics they cause will continue to occur in the future as they have in the past

A

EVOLVE

Infection control (8 decks)

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