#12 Vaccinations

Question 1

When vaccinating.. what part of the chain do you break?

Answer 1

-Susceptible host

Question 2

What is Natural Immunity?

Answer 2

Recovery from symptomatic or asymptomatic disease (Develop on your own)

Question 3

What is Natural Passive?

Answer 3

Cross-placental transfer of Abs; colostrum (receive from someone else)

Question 4

What is Artificial Active?

Answer 4

Vaccination with antigenic agent to stimulate antibodies

Question 5

What is Artificial Passive?

Answer 5

Temporary protection-injection of Ab (helps RIGHT AWAY, NOT LONG LASTING)

Question 6

What were the effects of US Childhood infections pre-vaccines?

Answer 6

• Polio (paralyzed 10,000)
• Rubella- birth defects & mental retardation
• Measles- 4 mill (3000 deaths)
• Diphtheria- one of the MOST common cause of death in school children
• Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)- causing meningitis
• Pertussus (thousands of intact deaths)
• Chickenpox (4 mil cases in 1994)

Question 7

World trends for vaccines?

Answer 7

Declining rates

• 90s = 70 % of children
• 2001= 56% of children
• Increases in polio
• less financial support
• Mis-perceptions & indifference

Question 8

What is the Gerneal Vaccine Rule?

Answer 8

The more similar a vaccine is to the natural disease, the better the immune response to the vaccine

Question 9

What are the HCQ Infections and Disease issues?

Answer 9

1) Continuing nosocomial infection risks
2) Emerging Iatrogenic infection reports
3) Era of opportunistic infection
4) more long-term immunocomproprised survivors

Question 10

What is the impact of Influenza?

Answer 10

• 36,000 deaths a yr
• > 90% of deaths of > 65%
• Flu case business approximately 10.4 bill. in hospital bills

Question 11

What was the Flu Activity in 2014?

Answer 11

For the week of Jan 12-18 the people seeing their PCP for influenza-like symptoms has decreased for the 3rd week but remains above the national average. ILI is increasing among the Western and Northern states.

Question 12

How long does it take to create a vaccine?

Answer 12

6- 9 months

1) Virus selection (currently 3 strains
2) FDA testting licence
3) Filling packaging
4) Product Release/Shipping
5) Vaccination begins
(Immunity develops approx. 2 wks after vaccine)

Question 13

Describe the Influenza vaccine

Answer 13

• Inactivated whole virus preparation, then split into components
• Preparations are strain specific
• Use of current year strain for vaccine

-Immunization strategy: reduce influenza
complications & mortality

• **DON’T GET THE FLU FROM VACCINE
• Contraindication:
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Allergy to eggs or theimersol (preservative)

Question 14

Adult Groups for Influenza Vaccine

Answer 14

> 65 yrs

• SErious chronic illness / numerous causes
• Immunosuppression- numerous causes
• Anemia
• Diabetes
• Pregnancy (2nd & 3rd trimester) during flu season
• HCW who treat persons at FLU RISK
• HIV- infected persons *(with special consideration)

Question 15

What is the Efficacy of the Influenza Vaccine?

Answer 15

• 70-90% effective among healthy old <65%
• 30-405 fro frail elderly people
• 50-60% effective preventing hospitalization
• 80% effective in preventing death

Question 16

Flu Vaccine update:

Answer 16

-Changing name and monogram

-Old is trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.
(TIV) is no more. The name is inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV)

-MedImmune nasal flu vaccine, live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is going quadrivalent. It new name will be quadrivalent (Q) LAIV.

(Studies have shown that it could have
prevented 2.7 mil illnesses)

Question 17

Flu Vaccine Update 2014 ?

Answer 17

• First ever cell-culture technology based on sessional flu vaccine (Flucelvax)
• USES cultured mammalian cells instead of chicken eggs to grow vaccine virus.

***Major advantage of using cell-culture technology which could help manufacturing process, which could help ensure that adequate quantities of vaccine are available e

Question 18

What would happen if we stopped vaccations for Poilo and Measles?

Answer 18

Polio= Could reverse the elimination 
Measles= 99% reduction in disease w/ vaccine

Question 19

What would happen if we stopped vacations for Hib meningitis and Pertussis?

Answer 19

• HIb- 98% incidence decline since vaccination

- Pertussis= in 8 countries who reduced immunization see a 10-100x increase in disease

Question 20

What would happen if we stopped vacations for Rubella and Checkenpox?

Answer 20

• congenital rubella syndrome

- 4 annual million cases before vaccine

Question 21

What would happen if we stopped vacations for HPV and Mumps?

Answer 21

• Major decline in cases since vaccines

- 212,000 cases (1964) and 266 cases (2001)

Question 22

What are the dangers & risks of NOT vaccinating children?

Answer 22

• Disease can be more harmful than vaccine side effect
• Parents too young to remember certain vaccine preventable disease
• Parents question why their child needs vaccine
• Increased concern regarding real & perceived side effects as disease incidence decline in US

***Public’s desire for absolute guarantees regarding vaccine efficacy & safety

Question 23

Deaths attributed to measles had decline almost 1000% prior to vaccination. ____________ conditions, improved ___________ and improved _______________

Answer 23

• Better linking conditions
• Improved hygiene
• Improved nutrition

Question 24

What is recommended grin the public health service ?

Answer 24

1) HEP B
2) Influenza
3) measles
4) mumps
5) rubella
6) tetanus
7) varicella zoster
8) TB skin test

Question 25

What is the dose for Hep B?

Answer 25

3