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Infection control > # 13 Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

# 13 Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Infectious Diseases of concern to the HCW?

A

1) Transmission is by bacteria, viruses, and fungi
2) Nature of organisms
3) Mode of transmission
4) Symptoms of infection
5) Impact of infection
6) Recognizing importance of
- Control of exposure to infection
- Minimize risk of transmission

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2
Q

Infections are caused by which viral agents?

A

1) HIV
2) Chicken Pox
3) Common cold
4) Hepatitis
5) Herpes
6) Mononucleosis
7) Influenza
8) Measles
9) Mumps
10) Pneumonia

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3
Q

Infections are caused by which bacterial agents?

A

1) Gonorrhea
2) Legionnaire’s disease
3) Pneumonia, bacterial
4) Staphylococcal infections
5) Streptococcal infections
6) Syphilis
7) Tuberculosis

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4
Q

Infections are caused by which fungal agents?

A

Candidiasis

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5
Q

What is the route and survival for TB?

A

Route: Saliva, Sputum

Survival: Months

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6
Q

What is the route and survival for Staph aureus?

A

Route: Saliva, Skin, Exudates

Survival: Days

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7
Q

What is the route and survival for flu, colds, pneumonia?

A

Route: Salivary secretions

Survival: hours

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8
Q

What is the route and survival for HIV?

A

Route: Blood, other bodily fluids

Survival: Seconds

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9
Q

What is the route and survival for Herpes?

A

Route: Saliva, Secretions

Survival: Minutes

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10
Q

Dried on inanimate surfaces at room temp Hepatitis C can remain infectious for ____________

A

Up to 6 weeks

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11
Q

What is the leading causes of death among children?

A

Measles

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12
Q
  • Measles is highly contagious through what_____________________.
  • Before widespread vaccinations, Measles caused and estimated _______________ deaths each year
A
  • Coughing, sneezing, and direct contact

- 2.6 million

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13
Q

Lyme Disease?

A
  • Bacteria is inoculated into skin by tick bite
  • Early symptoms: Fever, rash, flu like symptoms
  • Progression to musculatrue and neurological problems
  • Symptoms can exist for years
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14
Q

What is MRSA?

A

-Methiciliin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

  • “Superbug” (Resistant to many antibiotics)
  • Can cause cellulitis

-Appearance is somewhat similar to a spider bite

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15
Q

Who can get MRSA?

A

1) Recent surgery patients
2) Hospital patients
3) Older people- nursing homes
4) Those w/ weakened immune systems
* 5) CA-MRSA (community associated)
* 6) Athletes
* 7)Military recruits
* 8) Day care centers
* 9) Any groups spending time in close quarters

*Healthy people

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16
Q

What are the complications of MRSA?

A

-Can grow from a small contained infection to one that involves internal organs or important systems in the body–including bones, joints, heart valves, lungs, and bloodstream.

17
Q

What is VRSA?

A

-Specific type of antimicrobial resistant staph bacteria.

  • Vancomycin
  • VISA & VRSA can’t be successfully treated w vancomycin b/c no longer susceptible.
18
Q

What is Hepatitis?

A
  • Viral liver infection
  • Caused by viruses
  • Transmission is of significant concern to HCW
  • GREATEST RISK from HEP B
19
Q

What are Hepatitis Symptoms?

A

1) Fatigue
2) Diarrhea
3) Fever muscle & joint pain
4) Nausea
5) Abdominal discomfort
6) Jaundice
7) Resulting in liver damage & potentially death

*Flu-like syomtoms

20
Q

What is Hep A?

A
  • MOST Prevalent Form
  • ORAL FECAL CROSS CONTAMINATION
  • Ingestion of contaminated food or water
  • Incubation is 15-50 days
  • HAND WASHING is most effective way to prevent transmission
  • VACCINE AVAILABLE
21
Q

What is Hep B?

A
  • MOST Significant CONCERN for HCW
  • Transmitted through blood, blood products and/or bodily fluids
  • Viral life span = 7-14 days
  • Incubation = 1-6 months
  • MANY CARRIERS w/ NO SYMPTOMS
  • -VACCINE AVAILABLE
  • -OSHA REQUIRED it to all Employees at risk of exposure
22
Q

What is Hep C?

A

-Transmitted through blood, blood products, pr bodily fluids

  • Incubation 2-6 months
  • Significant concern for HCWs
  • subclinical cases w/ no symptoms
  • 95% of those infected have NO SYMPTOMS
  • NO VACCINE

Causes: Unprotected sex, Iv drug use, blood exposure.

23
Q

What is the Herpes Virus Family?

A

1) HSV1
2) HSV2
3) VZV
4) HH6
5) HH8
6) HBV
7) CMV

24
Q

What is Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?

A
  • Approx. 90% of US population is affected w/ virus
  • 99% subclinical w/ no clinical manifestations, 1% develop full blown disease
  • Children from 6 mo to puberty
25
Q

What is the causes of Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?

A

1) Herpes 1 (oral)
- Transmissed thru oral secretion or sores

2) Herpes 2 (genital)
- Transmitted thru sexual contact

*BOTH can be transmitted w/ no visible sores

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?

A
  • Elevated Temperature
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Last up to 2 weeks
  • Highly contagious
  • Saliva contains large numbers of shed virons
27
Q

How can you get recurrent Herpetic Infection (Herpetic labials)?

A
  • Sunlight, GI upset, Menses, extreme cold, other infections will reactivate virus, (40% carriers)
  • Virus migrates from ganglion to epithelial cells where they replicate
28
Q

Herpes Labialis lesions can occur___________ and will resemble a ___________

A
  • Palate

- A burn

29
Q

________________ mainly affect the fingers of dentist and hygienists who have come in unprotected contact w/ a primary or recurrent herpes lesion .

A

Herpetic Whitlow-Affects

30
Q

What is Varicella ?

A
  • Chicken pox
  • Easily spread by direct contact
  • Fever, headache, sore throat, rash,
  • 14-16 day incubation period
  • VACCINE AVAILABLE
31
Q

When is Shingles (Herpes Zoster) more commonly to develop?

A
  • Older than 60
  • Had chicken pox before age 1
  • Immune system is weakened by medication or disease

Note: Dormant and becomes active in nerves

32
Q
  • _____________ is the most common infectious cause of corneal blindness in the industrialized world.
  • Like all herpes there is no ________
A
  • Herpes

- No cure

33
Q

What is HBV?

A
  • Transmission requires intimate contact
  • 95% of adults btwn 35-40 yrs of age
  • Can cause infections Mononucleosis
34
Q

What is CMV?

A
  • Contact thru infected people to other via body fluids, urine, saliva, or breast milk.
  • Sexually Transmitted and thru transplanted organs and blood transfusions

Infection control (8 decks)

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