# 13 Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What are the Infectious Diseases of concern to the HCW?
1) Transmission is by bacteria, viruses, and fungi
2) Nature of organisms
3) Mode of transmission
4) Symptoms of infection
5) Impact of infection
6) Recognizing importance of
- Control of exposure to infection
- Minimize risk of transmission
Infections are caused by which viral agents?
1) HIV
2) Chicken Pox
3) Common cold
4) Hepatitis
5) Herpes
6) Mononucleosis
7) Influenza
8) Measles
9) Mumps
10) Pneumonia
Infections are caused by which bacterial agents?
1) Gonorrhea
2) Legionnaire’s disease
3) Pneumonia, bacterial
4) Staphylococcal infections
5) Streptococcal infections
6) Syphilis
7) Tuberculosis
Infections are caused by which fungal agents?
Candidiasis
What is the route and survival for TB?
Route: Saliva, Sputum
Survival: Months
What is the route and survival for Staph aureus?
Route: Saliva, Skin, Exudates
Survival: Days
What is the route and survival for flu, colds, pneumonia?
Route: Salivary secretions
Survival: hours
What is the route and survival for HIV?
Route: Blood, other bodily fluids
Survival: Seconds
What is the route and survival for Herpes?
Route: Saliva, Secretions
Survival: Minutes
Dried on inanimate surfaces at room temp Hepatitis C can remain infectious for ____________
Up to 6 weeks
What is the leading causes of death among children?
Measles
- Measles is highly contagious through what_____________________.
- Before widespread vaccinations, Measles caused and estimated _______________ deaths each year
- Coughing, sneezing, and direct contact
- 2.6 million
Lyme Disease?
- Bacteria is inoculated into skin by tick bite
- Early symptoms: Fever, rash, flu like symptoms
- Progression to musculatrue and neurological problems
- Symptoms can exist for years
What is MRSA?
-Methiciliin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- “Superbug” (Resistant to many antibiotics)
- Can cause cellulitis
-Appearance is somewhat similar to a spider bite
Who can get MRSA?
1) Recent surgery patients
2) Hospital patients
3) Older people- nursing homes
4) Those w/ weakened immune systems
* 5) CA-MRSA (community associated)
* 6) Athletes
* 7)Military recruits
* 8) Day care centers
* 9) Any groups spending time in close quarters
*Healthy people
What are the complications of MRSA?
-Can grow from a small contained infection to one that involves internal organs or important systems in the body–including bones, joints, heart valves, lungs, and bloodstream.
What is VRSA?
-Specific type of antimicrobial resistant staph bacteria.
- Vancomycin
- VISA & VRSA can’t be successfully treated w vancomycin b/c no longer susceptible.
What is Hepatitis?
- Viral liver infection
- Caused by viruses
- Transmission is of significant concern to HCW
- GREATEST RISK from HEP B
What are Hepatitis Symptoms?
1) Fatigue
2) Diarrhea
3) Fever muscle & joint pain
4) Nausea
5) Abdominal discomfort
6) Jaundice
7) Resulting in liver damage & potentially death
*Flu-like syomtoms
What is Hep A?
- MOST Prevalent Form
- ORAL FECAL CROSS CONTAMINATION
- Ingestion of contaminated food or water
- Incubation is 15-50 days
- HAND WASHING is most effective way to prevent transmission
- VACCINE AVAILABLE
What is Hep B?
- MOST Significant CONCERN for HCW
- Transmitted through blood, blood products and/or bodily fluids
- Viral life span = 7-14 days
- Incubation = 1-6 months
- MANY CARRIERS w/ NO SYMPTOMS
- -VACCINE AVAILABLE
- -OSHA REQUIRED it to all Employees at risk of exposure
What is Hep C?
-Transmitted through blood, blood products, pr bodily fluids
- Incubation 2-6 months
- Significant concern for HCWs
- subclinical cases w/ no symptoms
- 95% of those infected have NO SYMPTOMS
- NO VACCINE
Causes: Unprotected sex, Iv drug use, blood exposure.
What is the Herpes Virus Family?
1) HSV1
2) HSV2
3) VZV
4) HH6
5) HH8
6) HBV
7) CMV
What is Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?
- Approx. 90% of US population is affected w/ virus
- 99% subclinical w/ no clinical manifestations, 1% develop full blown disease
- Children from 6 mo to puberty
What is the causes of Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?
1) Herpes 1 (oral)
- Transmissed thru oral secretion or sores
2) Herpes 2 (genital)
- Transmitted thru sexual contact
*BOTH can be transmitted w/ no visible sores
What are the symptoms of Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?
- Elevated Temperature
- Lymphadenopathy
- Last up to 2 weeks
- Highly contagious
- Saliva contains large numbers of shed virons
How can you get recurrent Herpetic Infection (Herpetic labials)?
- Sunlight, GI upset, Menses, extreme cold, other infections will reactivate virus, (40% carriers)
- Virus migrates from ganglion to epithelial cells where they replicate
Herpes Labialis lesions can occur___________ and will resemble a ___________
- Palate
- A burn
________________ mainly affect the fingers of dentist and hygienists who have come in unprotected contact w/ a primary or recurrent herpes lesion .
Herpetic Whitlow-Affects
What is Varicella ?
- Chicken pox
- Easily spread by direct contact
- Fever, headache, sore throat, rash,
- 14-16 day incubation period
- VACCINE AVAILABLE
When is Shingles (Herpes Zoster) more commonly to develop?
- Older than 60
- Had chicken pox before age 1
- Immune system is weakened by medication or disease
Note: Dormant and becomes active in nerves
- _____________ is the most common infectious cause of corneal blindness in the industrialized world.
- Like all herpes there is no ________
- Herpes
- No cure
What is HBV?
- Transmission requires intimate contact
- 95% of adults btwn 35-40 yrs of age
- Can cause infections Mononucleosis
What is CMV?
- Contact thru infected people to other via body fluids, urine, saliva, or breast milk.
- Sexually Transmitted and thru transplanted organs and blood transfusions
