14. Muscle Imbalance Flashcards
What causes pathologic muscle imbalance?
abnormal motor patterns that produce pain and will cause injury, overuse, or deility
What is the primary goal of the neuromusculoskeletal system?
Maintain stability
- passive postural control
- controlled active motion
What are the two parts of the neuromusculoskeletal system?
- Neuro
- afferent imput, CNS processing, motor output - Musculoskeltal component
- passive system
- -bones, joints, ligaments which feed back into CNS
- Active system
- -muscle capacity to perform comands
What is the difference between postural muscles and phasic muscles?
Postural muscles are the large muscles that fight gravity to create posture while phasic muscles are smaller and critical for balance during movement
What is facilitation vs inhibition
Facilitation=overactivation
Inhibition=underactivation
So over time, the motor patterns that we perform will cause what changes to postural and phasic muscles?
Facilitated postural muscles will hypertrophy
Inhibited phasic muscles will atrophy
Can lead to injury, SD, and pain
What are the most common presentations for lower cross syndrome?
Chronic low back pain
-SI joint pain
Joint pain w/o accute injury
- hip: IT band syndrome
- Knee: patellar femoral pain syndrome
What muscles are facilitated/hypertrophied in lower cross syndrome?
Erector spinae Iliopsoas Hamstrings Adductors/abductors Piriformis Quad Lumborum
What muscles are inhibited/hypotonic in lower cross syndrome?
Gluts
Abdominals
If a patient comes in with increase lumbar lordosis and their pelvis pulled anterior, which muscles are likely inhibited and which are fascilitated?
Psoas and erector spinae are pulling the hips forward and easily overwhelm the inhibited gluts and abdominals
What are the classed presentations to upper cross syndrome?
Chronic tension headaches
Neck/shoulder pain
Recurrent shoulder pain
What type of posture will someone hold in upper cross syndrome? Why?
Shoulders are anteriorly rotated and upper back is hunched
- upper trap and levator scap become fascilitated
- rhomboids and deep neck flexors become inhibited
What muscles are facilitated/hypertonic in upper cross syndrome?
Pec major/minor Upper trap/levator scapulae Lats Scalenes Sternocleidomastoid
What muscles are inhibited in upper cross syndrome?
Serratus anterior
Lower traps
Deep neck flexors (longus coli)
Rhomboids
What is considered a positive test when observing motor patterns?
Muscles fire out of pattern
-postural muscles attempt to stabilize
Phasic muscles do not engage
