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OBSTETRICS 1.0 > 1.4 Morphological and functional development of the fetus > Flashcards

1.4 Morphological and functional development of the fetus Flashcards

1
Q

is the time elapsed since last menstrual period

A

Menstrual Age/ Gestational Age

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2
Q

time for ovulation used by embryologists

A

Ovulation/Post concepetion/Fertilization Age

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3
Q

divides the period of gestation into 3 units of calendar months

A

Trimesters

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4
Q

4 important events at the 1st 2 weeks of life

A

Ovulation
Fertilization
Blastocyst formation
Implantation

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5
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Ampulla of Fallopian tube

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6
Q

4 possible results of (+) PT

A
  1. Unembryonic
  2. Blighted
  3. Ectopic
  4. Normal pregnancy
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7
Q

the term used for a conception between 3rd week to before 8th week

A

Embryo

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8
Q

lenth of chorionic sac at 3rd week after ovulation (5th gestational age)

A

1 cm

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9
Q

features at 5th week of gestation

A

formed embryonic disc
(+) PT
body stalk differentiated

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10
Q

4th week after ovulation, what are the developments?

A 
Heart and pericardium prominent
detectable pulsation
arm/leg buds present
body stalk is now an umbilical cord
Embryo: 4-5mm in length
Chorionic sac: 2-3 cm in daimeter
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11
Q

when are the following observable:
Head bigger than the trunk
Fingers/toes present

A

6th week after ovulation/8th Gestational Age

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12
Q

what is the length of the embryo by 6th week after ovulation/8th Gestational Age?

A

22-24mm

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13
Q

the term used for a product of conception from 8 weeks until birth

A

Fetus

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14
Q

the length of fetus at 8 weeks

A

4cm

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15
Q

uterus palpable at the level of the symphysis pubis @ what age?

A

12th gestational week

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16
Q

earliest time possible for the OB-GYN to detect the sex of the fetus

A

12th gestational week

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17
Q

the age of gestation when by Ultrasound, the fetus is echogenic and appear white

A

12 weeks

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18
Q

CRL (crown-rump Length) @ 12 weeks?

A

6-7 cm

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19
Q

describe the fetus @ 16 weeks as to:
CRL
Weight
Fundus palpable region

A

CRL: 12 cm
Weight: 110g
Fundus palpable region: between symphysis pubis and umbilicus

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20
Q

when is the midpoint of pregnancy?

A

20 weeks (no longer an abortus)

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21
Q

fundus is palpable where @ 20 weeks

A

level of umbilicus

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22
Q

what is the weight of the fetus @ 20 wks?

A

300g

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23
Q

weight of the fetus by 24 weeks

A

630g

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24
Q

when do eyebrows and eyelashes start to appear in a fetus?

A

24th week (gestational)

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25
Q

describe the fetus at 28th week as to:
CRL
Weight

A

CRL: 25cm
Weight: 1100g

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26
Q

what is covering the skin of the fetus at 28th week of gestation?

A

Vernix caseosa

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27
Q

T/F. as long as the skin of the fetus is no longer transparent, the infant can survive if born.

A

True. but with expert care

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28
Q

What is the CRL of a fetus @:
32 weeks
36 weeks
40 weeks

A

32 weeks: 28 cm
36 weeks: 32 cm
40 weeks: 36 cm

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29
Q

what is the fetal weight at the following weeks:
32 weeks
36 weeks
40 weeks

A

32 weeks: 1800 g
36 weeks: 2500 g
40 weeks: 3400 g

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30
Q

average diameter of the pelvis

A

10 cm

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31
Q

what is a contracted pelvic?

A

pelvis with a diameter of <8cm

32
Q

what are the 5 skull bones? (identify paired/unpaired)

A 
2 Parietal
2 Frontal
2 Temporal
1 Occipital
2 Wings of sphenoid
33
Q

membranous spaces separating skull bones

A

Sutures

34
Q

define the suture:

between 2 frontals

A

Frontal suture

35
Q

define the suture:

either side between the inferior margin of the parietal bone and upper margin of the temporal bone

A

Temporal Suture

36
Q

define the suture:

between frontal and parietal bones

A

coronal suture

37
Q

define the suture:

between the post.margin of parietal bone and upper margin of occipital bone

A

Lambdoid suture

38
Q

an irregular space where several sutures meet and is enclosed by a membrane

A

Fontanel

39
Q

What are the 3 fontanels?

A

Greater/anterior
Lesser/posterior
Temporal/Casserian

40
Q

the head circumference with greatest length

A

Occipitofrontal (11.5 cm)

41
Q

ideal diameter for vaginal delivery is 9.5cm which is the measurement of what head circumference?

A

Biparietal (9.5 cm)

42
Q

the head circumference that is flexed at birth for delivery

A

Suboccipetobregmatic (9.5 cm)

43
Q

adaptation of the fetal skull to the maternal pelvis

A

Molding

44
Q

it functions as the lungs, GIT, kidneys for the fetus. what is the normal volume?

A

Chorionic villi + Intervillous space (140ml at term)

45
Q

Primary biological compartment of the maternal transfer

A

Intervillous space

46
Q

volume of Uteroplacental blood flow

A

700ml-900ml

47
Q

histologic barriers of the placental transfer (3)

A

Syncytiotrophoblast
Stroma of intervillous space
Fetal capillary wall

48
Q

Type/modes of placental transfer

A

Diffusion
Selective transfer & Facilitated diffusion
Specific receptor mediated mechanisms

49
Q

What type of placental transfer>

a) Anesthetic gases
b) Iron
c) Vitamin C
d) IgG

A

a) Diffusion
b) Selective transfer & Facilitated diffusion
c) Selective transfer & Facilitated diffusion
d) Specific receptor mediated mechanisms

50
Q

the major nutrient of fetal growth

A

Glucose

51
Q

anultrafiltrate of plasma in early pregnancy

A

Amniotic fluid

52
Q 
describe amniotic fluid @:
Early pregnancy
4 months
2nd trimester
20 weeks
A

Early pregnancy: amniotic fluid from amniotic membrane
4 months: fetus facilitates in amniotic fluid (swallowing, respiring)
2nd trimester: reflects composition of fetal plasma
20 weeks: amniotic fluid composed of fetal urine

53
Q

when do fetal kidneys start producing urine?

A

12 weeks

54
Q

describe the volume changes in amniotic fluid

A

@ 8 weeks: volume increase by 10mL/ week
@ 21 weeks: increase by 60mL/week
@ 33 weeks: decrease back to a steady state

55
Q

Define the terms:
oligihydramnios
polyhydramnios

A

oligihydramnios: <500mL of amniotic fluid @ term
polyhydramnios: 2000mL of amniotic fluid @ term

56
Q

7 functions of the Amniotic fluid

A
  1. Physical protection
  2. Lung expansion
  3. EGF
  4. PTH-rP
  5. Musculoskeletal development
  6. Maintain even temperature
  7. Cervical dilator @ labor
57
Q

3 shunts present at the fetal circulation

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductud Arteriosus

58
Q

Umbilical Vein
functionally close at:
Physically close at:

A

functionally close at: 0-96 hrs

Physically close at: 2-3 weeks

59
Q

atrophied and obliterated umbilical artery forms the

A

Umbilical ligament

60
Q

Intra-abdominal remnant of the umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum Teres

61
Q

constricted ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

62
Q

Site of hemopoiesis @ 0-12 weeks

A

Yolk sac (mesoblastic)

63
Q

Site of hemopoiesis @ 16 weeks

A

Liver, Spleen (hepatic)

64
Q

the volume of the fetoplacental volume at term

A

125ml/Kg

65
Q

Hemoglobin-globin differences from the adult (3)

A

Primitive forms
HgF
HgA

66
Q

when does a fetus start to produce procoagulants, fibrinolytic and anticoagulant proteins

A

12 weeks

67
Q

fetal fibrinogen appears at

A

5 weeks

68
Q

IgG is transported to the placenta ___. the bulk is acquired at _______. adult values are obtained at _____.

A

16 weeks
last 4 weeks of pregnancy
3 years of age

69
Q

spinal cord extends at these during?
S1
L3
L1

A

S1: 24 weeks
L3: Birth
L1: adult

70
Q

persitalsis appears @

A

11 week

71
Q

fetus absorbs water from swallowed amnion @

A

16th week

72
Q

how is meconium formed?

A

hypoxia –> (+)AVP –> (+) colon smooth muscle to contact –> defecation

73
Q

functional immature kidneys

A

Metanephros

74
Q

anuria of fetus causes

A

oligohydramnios

75
Q

respiration detected @

A

11 WEEKS

76
Q

stages of lung development

A
  1. pesudoglandular (5-17 week)
  2. Cannalicular (16-25 weeks)
  3. Terminal sac (34th week)

OBSTETRICS 1.0 (6 decks)

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