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SER Ü > 14. Mob. > Flashcards

14. Mob. Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 global megatrends that shape the future of mobility!

A

Population Growth

Rapid Urbanization

Climate Change

Digital Transformation

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2
Q

What effect will the grobal megatrend ‘Population Growth’ probably have?

A

Effect: Significant increase of travel activities

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3
Q

What effect will the grobal megatrend ‘Rapid Urbanization’ probably have?

A

Effect: Mass mobility will transform cities

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4
Q

What effect will the grobal megatrend ‘Climate Change’ probably have?

A

Effect: Mobility sector will be decarbonized

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5
Q

What effect will the grobal megatrend ‘Digital Transformation’ probably have?

A

Effect: New business opportunities through connectivity and autonomous driving.

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6
Q

Global transportation demand will continue to grow
-> even faster than the GDP

A

…

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7
Q

There are 2 types of mobility with different facets: ??

A

Migration

Everyday mobility

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8
Q

Differentiation of Different Modes of Transport.

1) What are possible Differentiations? (4)

A

Passenger transport vs. Freight transport

Within passenger transansport:
Individual transport vs. Public transport

Within Freight transport:
Delivery transport (short distances) vs. Freight/Cargo (large distances)

Infrastructure where transport takes place (Road, Air, Rail, Water)

-> siehe sum VL p.2

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9
Q

Differentiation of Different Modes of Transport.

1) Which unit is used for passenger transport?

2) Which unit is used for Freight transport?

A

1) [Pkm] (= transportierte Anzahl Passagiere * zurückgelegte Strecke (km))

2) [tkm] (= t*km)

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10
Q

Definition of:

1) Mobility?

2) Transport?

A

1) Mobility:
Potential changes of location (mobility) of people.

2) Transport:
The physical change of people, goods and data in space

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11
Q

Mobility: Potential changes of location (moblity) of people

1) They result from what?

2) Sometimes we also speak of?

A

1) spatial, physical, social and virtual conditions and their subjective perception

2) realized mobility (actual movements)

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12
Q

Transport volumne is the combination of?

A

the number of ways and the length of the ways

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13
Q

Transport volumne:

The amount of traffic can increase or decrease with a constant number of routes (constant realized mobility), depending on the development of?

A

the average route length

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14
Q

Traffic behaviour in Germany (per person and day):

1) Number of routes: ??

2) Distances: ??

3) Duration: ??

A

1) 3,1

2) 39km

3) 80min.

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15
Q

Perspectives and interests in mobility vary between different actors. (User, Company, City, Investor)

A

…

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16
Q

Especially in cities there an increasing mobility is forecasted.

true/false

A

true

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17
Q

Global CO2 emissions by economic sector
-> focus trafic (see p. 14)

A

…

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18
Q

What are the main drivers in e-mobility (transition)? (3)

A

Regulation

Consumer

Technology

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19
Q

Main drivers e-mobility (transition): Regulation

Governments as well as cities are pushing for sustainable mobility

1) through what? (3)

2) for what?

A

1) regulations, incentives and infrastructure investments

2) targeting significant emissions reductions by 2030

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20
Q

Main drivers e-mobility (transition): Consumer

The social responsibility of the consumer influences electric vehicle purchases with consumers wanting to make choises that?

A

reflect their commitment to sustainability and ethical living

(trend not true for everyone)

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21
Q

Main drivers e-mobility (transition): Technology

Advancements in ?(1)? & ?(2)? are enhancing the practicality of electric vehicles for daily commutes and long trips, while also reducing their ?(3?) for consumers.

A

(1) battery technology

(2) charging infrastructure

(3) cost

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22
Q

The generation and use of renewable energy takes place in differernt regions. (see slide 19)

23
Q

3 types of EVs are distinguished: ??

A

Plug-in Hydrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

Fuell Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

(Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) -> kein externer electricity supply possible, darum kein EV glaub)

24
Q

(VL:)
Drive Technologies: Technological Overview (vehicles)

What vehicles can be distinguished? (6)

A

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)

Hydrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

Plug-in Hydrid Vehicle (PHEV)

Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV)

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

25
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE): Diesel and petrol engines continue to be optimized in the future. Their efficiency potential has not been yet exhausted. true/false?
true
26
?? use electric motors and combustion engines. A battery is charged by the engine while driving. It is also used to store braking energy. But no external delivery of electricity is possible(!).
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
27
Has electric motor and combustion engine. The power storage can be additionally charged via the power grid. The battery also serves as a storage device for braking energy. Which technology/vehicle?
Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV)
28
Has electric motor and combustion engine. If required, a combustion engine generates electricity for the electric motor via a generator. The range is thus extended. Which technology/vehicle?
Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV)
29
The energy for the drive comes exclusively from the battery. The battery is charged via the electricity grid. Which technology/vehicle?
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
30
?(1)? electric vehicle: The power for the electric motor is generated directly on board. In the fuel cell, the ?(2)? energy of ?(3)? is converted into ?(4)? energy.
(1) Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) (2) chemical (3) hydrogen (4) electrical
31
(VL:) Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) What are the main disadvantages of this technology? (3)
CO2 emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels high energy losses (waste heat) low efficiency
32
Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (PHEV) have a combustion engine and an electric motor. Also they have a tank and a battery. true/false
true (whenever possible: use of electric motor)
33
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV): The energy that drives the vehicle is stored in the form of hydrogen at a pressure of up to 700 bar in the vehicle's storage tanks. In the fuel cell, the hydrogen is converted into ?(1)? with the addition of ambient ?(2)?, releasing ?(3)? energy. This energy is stored in the ?(4)? or used directly to drive the ?(5)?.
(1) water (2) oxygen (3) electrical (4) battery (5) electric motor
34
Each powertrain technology has its own advantages and disadvantes (see slide 21)
...
35
Well-to-Wheel demand for BEV, FCEV and ICE with eFuels. Sort them by energy demand (starting with the lowest)!
BEV (Electricity) < FCEV (with H2) < ICE with eFuels -> Total efficiency looks the same because H2 and eFuels have a long conversion chain with lots of losses -> Also internal combustion engines (ICE) have only an engine efficiency of <40% (Diesel ~40%, Otto ~30%) -> E-Motor has an efficiency of >90% (!) (see slide 22)
36
Fuel cells / eFuels can be more attractive powertrains for what use cases?
weights-sensitive and/or CAPEX-drive use cases
37
What technology (vehicle/fuel) suits for the following truck-use cases the best? 1) Waste and disposal 2) Urban distribution transport 3) Urban construction transport 4) Regional transport 5) Heavy transport 6) Heavy construction transport
1) BEV 2) BEV 3) BEV (maybe FCEV) 4) BEV (maybe FCEV) 5) (LNG, Bio-LNB, Diesel) or FCEV 6) (LNG, Bio-LNB, Diesel)
38
Sustainability across the entire value chain
see p.25
39
What is the most important cost factor in the electric vehicle?
the battery
40
The battery technology will be further improved in the future. -> Increasing energy density -> lowering of battery costs
...
41
Charging time Which technology could be the key to success to much lower charging times?
800V technology
42
What does SOC mean in connection to batteries?
State of Charge
43
Different charging use cases determine the hardware and software offering. true/false
true (home, work, public, highway) (slow charing 3,6 - 22 kW (AC/DC)) (Fast charging 100-350 kW (DC)) (see p. 30)
44
Roles (Marktrollen) within the public charging ecosystem? (6)
Energy Supplier (de: Lieferant) Charge Point Operator (CPO) (de: Ladeinfrastrukturbetreiber) Roaming Provider (mit Roaming-Plattform) Mobility Service Operator (MSP) (de: Mobilitätsanbieter (EMP)) Customers Distribution System Operator (DSO) (de: Verteilnetzbetreiber) (i.d.R. tritt der CPO zugleich als EMP auf und schließt Ladeverträge mit den Nutzern)
45
Provides energy to charge points and bills CPOs. Which actor in the public charging ecosystem described?
Energy Supplier
46
Setup, ownership & operation of charging network. Which actor in the public charging ecosystem is described?
Charge Point Operator (CPO)
47
Acts as intermediary between Charge Point Operator (CPO) & Mobility Service Provider (MSP) obtaining service fee. Which actor in the public charging ecosystem is described?
Roaming Provider
48
Provides access to charging network & invoices customer. Which actor in the public charging ecosystem is described?
Mobility Service Operator (MSP)
49
Grid-serving charging management Nighttime parking of e-vehicles enables what?
redistribution of charging peaks (increases the charging time only minimal and the reduction of charging peaks is 30-50% without limiting consumer mobility)
50
How can the charging peaks be reduced in order to relieve the burden on the power grid?
Grid-serving charging management -> which enables the reduction of charging power for electric vehicles during critical periods
51
What makes battery swapping successful in China?
Battery & grid standardization
52
Demand-based high power charging (HPC) could be a success factor. true/false
true
53
New mobility: What does it need now? (6)
Holistic mobility vision Courage & willingness to change Central orchestration (promotion & regulation) Meaningful use of mobility data Experiments & Lighthouse Projects High Speed during repositioning

SER Ü (10 decks)

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