13. Sec.Int. + test Flashcards
Reasons for emission reduction in past few years:
Significant decrease in emissions from ?(1)? and ?(2)? sectors.
?(3)? and ?(4)? sectors: emissions stagnated at high levels
(1) energy
(2) industry
(3) Transportation
(4) buildings
Transportation sector: Missed targets for the third consecutive year
Buildings sector: missed sector target for the fourth consecutive year
…
Describe the transformation of the energy system from the “old world” to the “new world” shortly.
“old world”:
conventional power plants with load-follwing operation (Base load power plants, medium-load power plants, peak-load power plants)
-> this system of the “old world” works as long as the RES have a relatively small share of electricity generation
“new world”:
Supply from fluctuating renewable energy sources that can only be forecasted in the short term
-> the fluctuations of the residual loas increase, which have to be balanced by conventional power plants (if still possible/allowed) or by other measures
Name two typical examples for base-load power plants!
Lignite-fired power plants
Nuclear power plants
Name one typical example for a medium-load power plant!
Hard-coal-fired power plant
Name three examples for peak-load power plants!
Gas plant
CCGT (Combined Cycle Gas Turbine) plant
(-> de: GuD-Kraftwerk)
Heating oil power plants
Lignite-fired power plants are difficult to regulate at short notice.
true/false?
true
Nuclear power plants are only marginally adjustable.
true/false?
true
Hard-coal-fired power plants: When disconnected from the grid at short notice, they reach full load within?
a few hours
Peak-load power plants
Gas and CCGT plants can’t be controlled at short notice.
true/false
false
-> can be controlled well at short notice
Heating oil power plants generate almost only peak-load electricity to compensate for?
short-term fluctuations in electricity demand
Name 4 flexibility options for the integration of renewable energies!
Efficient grids
Flexible consumers/Demand side management
Storages
Flexible producers
flexibility options for the integration of renewable energies
-> see table sum. p.2!!
…
Name and describe one flexibility options for the integration of renewable energies!
(taken storages!)
Storages:
Electricity storages like Pumped storage, compressed air storage, battery storage
Heat&Gas Storage like Power-to-gas/Power-to-liquids as a sector coupling technology
Grid Expansion in Germany/Europe (as Flexibility Option)
What is the Goal here?
Overcoming SPATIAL discrepancies
What is the goal of using storages as flexibility option?
Overcoming TEMPORAL discrepancy
See sum p. 3 (storage technologies)!! (Zuordnen können)
…
Sector-coupling technologies provide flexibility for the electricity system in the form of?
storage
Name at least 3 technologies for sector coupling/integration!
Heat pump (Power-to-Heat)
Electrolysis (Power-to-Gas)
Electric Motors and batteries (Power-to-Gas)
Electromobility Fuel Cell (Hydrogen-to-Mobility)
Name at least one technology for sector coupling/integration in the following categories:
1) Power-to-Heat
2) Power-to-Mobility
3) Power-to-Gas
4) Power-to-Liquids
5) Power-to-Heat
6) Hydrogen-to-Mobility
7) Hydrogen-to-Electricity
1) Power-to-Heat: Heat pump, Electrode boiler
2) Power-to-Mobility: Electric Motors and batteries
3) Power-to-Gas: Electrolysis, Pyrolysis
4) Power-to-Liquids: PtG + Fischer-Tropsch processs
5) Power-to-Heat: H2 gas heater, H2 CHP
6) Hydrogen-to-Mobility: Electromobility fuel cell, Synthetic fuels
7) Hydrogen-to-Electricity: Fuel cell, H2 gas turbine, H2 CHP
Technologies for sector coupling/integration:
There are various flexibility options. Some of them are in competition with each other.
A decarbonized power system can be seen as the backbone of an energy transition.
…
Sector coupling brings both ?(1)? and ?(2)?
(1) flexibility for the electricity system
(2) renewable energy to other sectors
High heat demand is a major challenge for the efforts towards decarbonization.
Which Energy/Heat form has the highest share within the final energy consumption 2022 (DE)? Second? Third?
- Mechanical Energy (37,3%)
- Building Heat (27,8%)
- Process Heat (21,3%)
In principle, both process and space heat can be generated by power-to-heat.
true/false?
true
