10. CCS (The NLP) Flashcards
CCS-Definition:
Carbon (dioxide) capture and storage (CCS): A process in which a relatively pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from ?(1)? and ?(2)? sources is ?(3)?, ?(4)?, ?(5)?and ?(6)? to a storage location for ?(7)? from the atmosphere.
(1) industrial
(2) energy-related
(3) seperated (captured)
(4) conditioned
(5) compressed
(6) transported
(7) long-term isolation
Anthropogenic activities removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and durably storing it in geological, terrestrial, or occean reservoirs.
It includes existing and potential anthropogenic enhancement of biological or geochemical CO2 sinks and direct air carbon dioxide capture and storage (DACCS) but excludes natural CO2 uptake not directly caused by human activities.
What method ist described?
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR)
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR):
Anthropogenic activities removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and durably storing it in? (3)
1) geological, terrestrial, or occean reservoirs.
What does Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) include? (Multiple are correct)!
a) existing anthropogenic enhancement of biological or geochemical CO2 sinks
b) potential anthropogenic enhancement of biological and geochemical CO2 sinks
c) natural CO2 uptake not directly caused by human activities
d) Direct Air Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (DACCS)
a) , b) , d)
-> NOT c) !!
CO2 is a heavy gas (1.5 times heavier than air), collects at low points.
true/false?
true
The density of liquid CO2 is similar to the density of water and about twice as LPG.
true/false?
true
CO2 is corrosive in combination with free water.
true/false?
true
-> careful material selection and setting of CO2-specifications necessary
When liquid is throttled from high pressure to low pressure it results in a large temperature ??.
decrease (Joule-Thomson-effect)
CO2 does not exist as liquid below which point?
the triple point (5.2 bara, -56.6°C)
Describe CCS chains!
1) Source of CO2-emission
-> for example: Industry, Power Plant
2) CO2-Capture
3) Transport of CO2 through pipeline, tank trucks, ships, and so on
4) Storage of CO2 (for example in occean reservoirs)
Name 3 basic CO2-capture methods and describe them shortly!
Post combustion CO2-capture (+ acid gas removal)
-> normal combustion, capturing the CO2 out of the fuel gas (after combustion) then releasing the clean fuel gas
Oxy-combustion CO2-capture
-> burning the fuel in oxygen instead of air, so the Nitrogen which takes up space in the flue gas gets removed before the combustion, CO2 out of the combustion
Pre-combustion CO2-capture
-> fuel is converted into hydrogen via steam reformer or gasification plant
-> CO2 capture happens before the combustion
(see sum. p. 2)
Name 5 possible transport modes for the CO2-transport!
Tank truck
ISO container
Rail
Pipeline
Ship
CO2-transport
In which phase/condition does the CO2 gets transported in the following transportation modes?
1) Tank truck
2) ISO container
3) Rail
4) Pipeline
5) Ship
1) Liquid (-20°C, 20 barg)
2) Liquid (-20°C, 22 barg)
3) Liquid (-20°C, 20 barg)
4) Dense (in the dense-phase CO2 has properties of a gas and a liquid)
5) Liquid
Which transport mode(s) for the CO2-transport are preferred at the following distance?
1) short (< 100km)
2) medium
3) short to long
4) Long (> 200km)
1) Tank truck
2) Rail
3) ISO container und Pipeline
4) Ship
Name one advantage for each of the following transportation modes for CO2-transport.
1) Tank truck
2) ISO container
3) Rail
4) Pipeline
5) Ship
1) Flexibility on land
2) Flexibility
3) Cost effective from point to point
4) Cost effective for scale up, Continuous flow
5) Flexibility and cost effective for overseas
CO2-storage in the North Sea Basin possible
…
Reservoir formations:
Name at least 3 key parameters for reservoirs!
Permeability
Temperature & pressure
Storage capacity
Porosity
Reservoir depth
Cap rock integrity
Geological structure
Secure CO2-Storage increases over time.
true/false
true
(~)
Name at least 2 monitoring options for CO2 occean reservoirs!
Active 4D seismic
Passive seismic monitoring
Downhole pressure and temperature
Seabed gravimetry
CSEM (Controlled source electromagnetics)
Video
Geochemical water sampling
Sediment sampling
(…)
Northern Lights Project
-> see information on it in slides
…
What could be challenges related to the build up of a market for CO2-storage?
Establishing bilateral agreements for cross border CO2-transport
Establishing first of its kind contracts for transport and storage
Streamlining and adapting regulatory framework
Which sectors/industries are most relevant for CCS projects (as customers)?
Hard-to-abate industries
