1.4 Making Matter

Question 1

what is antimatter

Answer 1

opposite properties to normal matter

Question 2

nuclear breakdown of antimatter

Answer 2

matter had positively charged proton with negatively charged electrons

antimatter has negatively charged antiproton with positively charged positron

Question 3

what happens when matter and antimatter come in contact

Answer 3

annihilate each other with release of game radiation

Question 4

what is something that uses Antimatter

Answer 4

PET scanners

Question 5

how was anti matter produced

Answer 5

anti matter and matter produced through pair production fractions of a second after big bang

Question 6

what question does the baryon asymmetry problem attempt to remove

Answer 6

if anti matter and matter were produced equally, why did they not just complete annihilate each other leaving nothing behind?

Question 7

what is baryonic matter

Answer 7

visible

Question 8

what is the baryonic asymmetry problem solution

Answer 8

unknown, perhaps there was slightly more baryonic matter (1 particle in a billion)

Question 9

what happens when two protons get very close

Answer 9

forms Deuterium (A2H atomic nuclei) and one protein decays into neutron

Question 10

what elements were formed in the Big Bang

Answer 10

boron, beryllium, lithium, helium, hydrogen

Question 11

what numbers of atomic mass did not have an element

Answer 11

atomic mass 5, 8

Question 12

what is atomic mass

Answer 12

number of neutrons + protons

Question 13

why do we not have elements with atomic mass 5 and 8

Answer 13

nuclei is unstable

Question 14

which two elements were the most common in the Big Bang

Answer 14

hydrogen and helium

Question 15

how to make lithium

Answer 15

proton, neutron and helium to collide at the same time

Question 16

what is the ratio for hydrogen and helium in the Big Bang and in new stars

Answer 16

10 hydrogen to 1 helium

Question 17

how are stars formed

Answer 17

1) hydrogen and helium collapse under gravity- central mass pressures and temperature increases
2) hydrogen fused into helium with release of energy; star is born

Question 18

when did the first star form

Answer 18

400m years after big bang

Question 19

what is solar mass of sol

Answer 19

1

Question 20

what is the temperature of sol in the car

Answer 20

15.7 million K at 260 billion x earths atmospheric pressure

Question 21

how does H1 convert to H4

Answer 21

1) two protons combine to form deuterium + energy
2) deuterium combines with another protein to form HE3 + energy
3) 2 he3 combine to form he4 and 2 protons + energy
4) overall: 4 portions are converted to one nucleus

Question 22

what is E=MC^2

Answer 22

conversation of mass to energy

e: energy
m: mass
c: speed of light

Question 23

why is speed of light squared

Answer 23

energy is proportional to velocity of an object
something moving twice as fast doesn’t have twice the energy, rather 4 times (squared)

Question 24

what happens when sun is dying

Answer 24

turns to red giant

Question 25

what is a higher mass star

Answer 25

8 solar masses, cores are higher pressure and temperature

Question 26

what is the onion shell of heat produced by core contraction

Answer 26

1) non burning hydrogen shell
2) he fusing into C & O in core
3) C fusing ith O, Ne, Na, Mg in the core
4) more stages
5) stops with iron

Question 27

what is 1cm of neutronium

Answer 27

400 million tons

Question 28

what happens to collapsing sun

Answer 28

core becomes neutron star, all mass concentrated to single point- black hole

Question 29

what is a supernova

Answer 29

star explodes before becoming black hole

Question 30

where does elements heavier than iron come form

Answer 30

slow process:
- within star
- neutron added to nucleus
- neutron decays to proton:+1 atomic number +1 atomic mass
- when star goes nova, elements released into space
- takes over 10,000 years

fast process
- during supernova many neutrons produces
- added rapidly to nuclei (seconds)
- produces heavy elements, many unstable that decay into more stable form s
- responsible for most elements heavier than iron