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Earth and Solar System > 1.1 Scale and Organization > Flashcards

1.1 Scale and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

what unit is used for very small objects

A

a nanometer

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2
Q

what is a nanometer

A

a billionth of a meter

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3
Q

what is typically measured with nanometers

A

atoms

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4
Q

hydrogen atom diameter

A

0.1 nanometer

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5
Q

what is used for slightly larger objects

A

micrometer

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6
Q

what is a micrometer / micron

A

one millionth of a meter

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7
Q

what is typically measured with micrometers

A

a bacterium/cell

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8
Q

human hair diameter

A

40-20 microns

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9
Q

red blood cell diameter

A

7 micron

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10
Q

what unit is used for larger objects

A

MM/ meters

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11
Q

what is an astronomical unit

A

average difference from the centre of the earth to the centre of the sun (149.6 million KM)

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12
Q

How dar is the distance from mars to the sun

A

1.52 AU

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13
Q

How far is the distance from the sun to Jupiter

A

5.2 AU

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14
Q

what is a light year

A

distance light travels over a year (9.46 trillion km)

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15
Q

how fast is a light year

A

300,000,000 meters per second approximately

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16
Q

what is a parsec

A

3.26 light years

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17
Q

what is a mega parsec

A

1 million parsec, 3.26 million light year

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18
Q

how close is the closest star to our sun and what is it

A

próxima centauri, 1.301 parsec away

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19
Q

nearest galaxy and distance?

A

andromeda; 766503.48 parsec

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20
Q

what is the diameter of our galaxy

A

30660.1 parsec = 100,000 LY

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21
Q

what is scientific notation

A

number is written as the product of a coefficient (between 1 to 10) and a power of 10 (1.2 x 10^4)

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22
Q

scientific notation example? (12000.0)

A

1.2 x 10^4 (move decimal place to the left 4 times)

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23
Q

scientific notation example? (0.000567)

A

5.67 x 10 ^ -4 (move to the right 4 times)

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24
Q

what is an order of magnitude

A

if one object is 10x bigger than another, it is bigger by an order of magnitude

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25
Q

what is 2.5 x 10^ 2 by order of magnitude

A

10^2

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26
Q

what is 7.56 x 10^3 by order of magnitude

A

10^4 (7.56>5, therefore round up from 3 to 4)

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27
Q

how much is 2 orders of magnitude

A

100x

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28
Q

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how big is the moon?

A

small glass marble

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29
Q

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is the moon?

A

2.02 meters

30
Q

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how big is the sun?

A

7.3 meters in diameter

31
Q

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is the sun?

A

738 meters (7 ish football fields)

32
Q

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how big is Neptune?

A

size of cantaloupe

33
Q

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is Neptune?

A

23.6 km

34
Q

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is Proxima Centauri (nearest star)?

A

209,000 km away

35
Q

how old is the universe

A

13.77 billion years old

36
Q

how old is the sun (sol)

A

4.6 billion years ago

37
Q

how old is the earth

A

4.54 billion years

38
Q

if earths lifetime is the length of your arm, with the beginning of earth starting at your shoulder, where does humanity start

A

if you were to take a nail file and rub off a bit of ur nail, all that fell of would represent all of recorded human history

39
Q

what is an eon

A

largest time unit

40
Q

rank period, epoch, era and eon based on size

A

eon, era, period, epoch

41
Q

what is BP

A

years before present

42
Q

what is MA

A

millions of years before present

43
Q

what is MYR

A

timespan of a million years

44
Q

remembering the GTS (mnemonic)

A

cute owls seldom deceive clay pigeons they can’t practice nonchalance quietly

cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, permian, triassic, cretaceous, paleogene, neogene, quaternary

45
Q

what is systems science

A

examines behaviour and organization of physical, biological social and technological systems

46
Q

what are earths major systems

A

biosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, atmosphere

47
Q

what is geosphere

A

soil to earths core

48
Q

what is hydrosphere

A

all water including ice and vapor

49
Q

what is atmosphere

A

envelope of gases extending to about 100km

50
Q

what is biosphere

A

all of earths organisms and organic matter not yet decomposed

51
Q

how deep in the earth do microorganisms exist

A

up to 41km in the atmosphere, 3km depth in the crust

52
Q

How much of a light year is an AU

A

8.3 light minutes, not even close to a year

53
Q

base of cambrian

A

538.8 ma

54
Q

base of paleozic

A

538.8 ma

55
Q

base of Phanerozoic

A

538.8 ma

56
Q

base of mesozoic

A

251.9 ma

57
Q

base of triassic

A

251.9 ma

58
Q

base of paleogene

A

66 ma

59
Q

base of cenozoic

A

66 ma

60
Q

base of Proterozoic

A

2.5 GA

61
Q

base of Archean

A

4.54 GA

62
Q

what percentage of geological time does the precambrian/super eon represent

A

87%

63
Q

what is BP

A

years before present

64
Q

ka vs kya

A

thousand of years before present vs timespan of thousand years

65
Q

ma vs myr

A

million of years before present vs timespan of million years

66
Q

Ga vs byr

A

billions of years before present vs timespan of billion years

67
Q

what distinguishes time periods from each other in the Phanerozoic era

A

significant events in biosphere such as mass extinctions or rapid diversification of large creatures

68
Q

how many inches in a meter

A

39.37 inches

69
Q

how was the metre defined by the French academy of sciences

A

1/10,000,000 of the quadrant of the earth’s circumference running from the North Pole through Paris to the equator

70
Q

how was the metre defined by the international bureau of weights and measures

A

distance between two lines on a standard bar of 90 percent platinum and 10 percent iridium

71
Q

how was the metre defined in 1960

A

equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the orange-red line in the spectrum of the krypton-86 atom in a vacuum.

72
Q

how was the metre defined in 1983

A

distance travelled by light in 1/299,792,458 of a second

Earth and Solar System (8 decks)

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