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Earth and Solar System > 1.2 The Big Bang > Flashcards

1.2 The Big Bang Flashcards

1
Q

what is the universe

A

all of space, time, matter, energy and the physical laws and constant that govern them. It encompasses everything that exists, including all galaxies, stars, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and life

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2
Q

what happens to white light when it enters a glass prism

A

rainbow spectrum, light refracts

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3
Q

what is the longest wave length

A

radio waves

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4
Q

what is the shortest wave length

A

gamma ray

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5
Q

what is the Fraunhofer spectrum

A

visible light passes through gas/plasma will have dark lines corresponding to particular molecules or atoms of a specific element, useful to study composition and properties of distant objects

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6
Q

what did Edwin Hubble discovery

A

that there are other galaxies

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7
Q

what is the red shift

A

the more distant the object, the greater the shift towards the red in the spectral lines, as space expands, it physically stretches wave lengths of the light coming from galaxies

raisin bread expanding, raisin is galaxies, dough is space

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8
Q

what is Hubbles law

A

redshifts in the spectra of distant galaxies and the apparent speeds they are moving away are proportional to their distance (farther galaxies move away faster)

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9
Q

how fast is the universe expanding today

A

70.6km/s/mega parsec (one mega parsec away = 70.6km per second)

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10
Q

how old is the universe using Hubbles law

A

13.77 billion years

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11
Q

sequence of the Big Bang

A

1) t= 0, universe began 13.8 billion years ago, very dense and hot

2) t = 10 ^ -43, rapid expansion to size of grapefruit, temperature drops to 10^27K

3) t = 10 ^ -12, expansion slows, 4 fundamental forces presentt

4) t= 1 second , university composed of every and fundamental particles such as quarks, electrons, photons and neutrinos, 10^10k

5) t=3 minutes, three light years in diameter, nucleosynthesis occurs, 10^9k

6) t = 380,000 years, universe is around 3000K, cool enough for positively charges atomic nuclei to capture negatively changed electrons, first atoms form (era of recombination), universe is dark (cosmic dark ages)

7) t=400m years, irregularities in gases had collapsed in gravity to form stars and galaxies, light still couldn’t travel very far due to hydrogen fog blocking light

8) T=1b, UV radiation from the first stars ionized hydrogen, universe lights up

9) 13.6b years ago, milky way forms

10) 4.6 billion years ago, solar system forms

11) 200-300 thousand years ago, homo sapiens evolved

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12
Q

what are the four fundamental forces

A

1) strong nuclear force
2) electromagnetism (100x weaker than snf)
3) weak nuclear force (10,000x weaker than SNF)
4) gravity (10^39x weaker than SNF)

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13
Q

what is nucleosynthesis

A

neutrons and protons combine to form the first nuclei of H, He and minor LI

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13
Q

what is the significance of quarks in the Big Bang

A

collide to form protons and neutrons

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14
Q

what is the era of recombination

A

first atoms form

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15
Q

what is the cosmic dark ages

A

universe to our eyes would be dark, stars had yet to form

16
Q

what is the cosmic microwave background radiation

A

Herman and Alpher prediction that prior to recombination, universe was full of hot energy particles and energy, a plasma

plasma emitted lots of electric magnetic radiation but light could not travel very far

would have cause foggy plasma to glow an orange colour

at recombination, fog clears permitting light (flash) that was emitted just prior to recombination

Alpher and Herman postulated that we should be able to see the flash of light before the universe went dark

17
Q

what is the significance of the temperature of the CMB

A

matter not distributed evenly, some matter is marginally denser and hotter (marginally) and higher density areas gravitationally attract matter to become galaxies over time

18
Q

what is the overall structure of the universe

A

68% dark energy
27% dark matter
5% visible matter

19
Q

what is dark matter

A

unknown material that exerts a gravitational effect

presumably the reason why galaxies do not rotate in the manner predicted, outer edge moving way too fast, outer particles should be flung out into space but they are not

dark matter some sort of particle that holds galaxy together

20
Q

what is dark energy

A

acts in the opposite manner of gravity, pulling apart rather than drawing together

cause of universes expanding accelerating

what is it? still dont know

21
Q

what is the cosmic web

A

galaxies are arranged in filaments connected by thin, thread-like structures of visible and dark matter.

22
Q

what are filaments

A

largest structure in the universe, form boundaries between large voids

23
Q

what happened to the universe at t=0

A

1) t= 0, universe began 13.8 billion years ago, very dense and hot

24
Q

what happened to the universe at t = 10 ^ -43

A

2) t = 10 ^ -43, rapid expansion to size of grapefruit, temperature drops to 10^27K

25
Q

what happened to the universe at t = 10 ^ -12

A

3) t = 10 ^ -12, expansion slows, 4 fundamental forces presentt

26
Q

what happened to the universe at t= 1 second

A

4) t= 1 second , university composed of every and fundamental particles such as quarks, electrons, photons and neutrinos, 10^10k

27
Q

what happened to the universe at t=3 minutes

A

5) t=3 minutes, three light years in diameter, nucleosynthesis occurs, 10^9k

28
Q

what happened to the universe at t = 380,000 years

A

6) t = 380,000 years, universe is around 3000K, cool enough for positively charges atomic nuclei to capture negatively changed electrons, first atoms form (era of recombination), universe is dark (cosmic dark ages)

29
Q

what happened to the universe at t=400m years

A

7) t=400m years, irregularities in gases had collapsed in gravity to form stars and galaxies, light still couldn’t travel very far due to hydrogen fog blocking light

30
Q

what happened to the universe at T=1b

A

8) T=1b, UV radiation from the first stars ionized hydrogen, universe lights up

31
Q

what happened to the universe 13.6b years ago

A

9) 13.6b years ago, milky way forms

32
Q

what happened to the universe at 4.6 billion years ago

A

10) 4.6 billion years ago, solar system forms

33
Q

what happened to the universe at 200-300 thousand years ago

A

11) 200-300 thousand years ago, homo sapiens evolved

Earth and Solar System (8 decks)

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