14. Head & Neck III Flashcards
1
Q
Where is the angle of Louis?
A
- T4/T5
2
Q
What separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
A
- SCM muscle
3
Q
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
A
- Lower border of the mandible
- Anterior portion of the SCM
- Midline of the neck
4
Q
What are the 3 other triangles within the anterior triangle?
A
- Digastric/Submandibular
- Muscular
- Carotid
5
Q
What divides the carotid and the muscular triangle?
A
- omohyoid
6
Q
What separates the carotid and the digastric/submandibular triangle?
A
- posterior belly of digastric muscle
7
Q
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
A
- Posterior border of SCM
- Trapezius
- Part of the clavicle
8
Q
Label this image
A
9
Q
Label this image
A
10
Q
What is contained in the muscular triangle?
A
- strap muscles
11
Q
What is contained in the carotid triangle?
A
- carotid sheath
12
Q
What is contained in the submandibular triangle?
A
- digastric
13
Q
What are the 4 structures in the anterior triangle?
A
- common carotid artery
- vagus (X)
- ansa cervicalis
- internal jugular vein
14
Q
What are the 2 structures in the muscular triangle?
A
- strap muscles
- external jugular vein
15
Q
What does the facial nerve supply?
A
- posterior belly and mylohyoid
16
Q
What is the neck bounded by?
A
- clavicles and manubrium of the sternum, inferiorly,
- the mandible, mastoid processes and superior nuchal lines, superiorly.
17
Q
Why is the posterior surface of the neck longer than the anterior surface?
A
- because the upper 3 cervical vertebrae are overlapped by the facial skeleton.
18
Q
What are the 4 layers of the neck?
A
- Skin
- Superficial Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia: Investing Layer (around the muscles)
- Deep Cervical Fascia: surrounds all the muscles in the neck and the posterior of the spinous process
19
Q
Label these layers of the neck
A
20
Q
What are the 10 lymph nodes of the head and the neck?
A
- submental
- submandibular
- parotid, superficial and deep
- posterior auricular
- occipital
- jugulodigastric
- jugulo omohyoid
- supraclavicular
- deep cervical lymph chain
- superficial cervical lymph chain
21
Q
What are the 4 supra-hyoid muscles?
A
- digastric
- geniohyoid
- mylohyoid
- stylohyoid
22
Q
What are the 4 infra-hyoid muscles?
A
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
23
Q
Label this image
A
24
Q
What are the actions of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid?
A
- suprahyoid - elevate
- infrahyoid - depress
25
What does the ansa cervicalis do?
* innervates the omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
26
What is the thyrohyoid innervated by?
* thyrohyoid which is a branch of the hypoglossal
27
What is the origin of the omohyoid?
* inferior belly : superior border of scapula
* superior belly : intermediate tendon
28
What is the insertion of the omohyoid?
* inferior belly : intermediate tendon
* superior belly : body of hyoid bone, lower border
29
What is the action of the omohyoid?
* depresses hyoid bone and larynx
30
What is the innervation of the omohyoid?
* ansa cervicalis C1, C2 C3
31
What is the origin of the sternohyoid?
* manubrium of sternum, posterior aspect
32
What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?
* body of hyoid bone lower border
33
What is the function of the sternohyoid?
* depresses hyoid bone and larynx
34
What is the innervation of the sternohyoid?
* ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3
35
What is the origin of the sternothyroid?
* posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum
36
What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?
* oblique line of thyroid cartilage
37
What is the action of the sternothyroid?
* depresses larynx
38
What is the innervation of the sternothyroid?
* ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3
39
Where is the origin of the digastric (posterior belly)?
* digastric notch of temporal bone at the base of the skull
40
Where is the insertion of the digastric (posterior belly)?
* intermediate tendon which passes through sling of fascia on greater horn of hyoid bone
41
What is the action of the posterior belly of the digastric?
* raises hyoid bone
42
What is the innervation of the posterior belly of the digastric?
* facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
43
Where is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric?
* intermediate tendon
44
Where is the insertion of the anterior belly of the digastric?
* digastric fossa on the mandible
45
What is the action of the anterior belly of the digastric?
* elevates the hyoid bone
46
What is the innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric?
* nerve to mylohyoid
* cranial nerve V3
47
Where is the origin of the mylohyoid?
* mylohyoid line of medial aspect of mandibular body
48
Where is the insertion of the mylohyoid?
* median raphe and body of hyoid bone
49
What is the action of the mylohyoid?
* elevates hyoid bone, base of tongue and floor of mouth
50
What is the innervation of the mylohyoid?
* nerve to mylohyoid
* cranial nerve V3
51
Where is the origin of the geniohyoid?
* inferior genial tubercle of mandible
52
Where is the insertion of the geniohyoid?
* body of hyoid bone
53
What is the action of the geniohyoid?
* elevates hyoid bone
* protracts hyoid bone
54
What is the innervation of the geniohyoid?
* Ventral Ramus of C1
55
Where is the origin of the stylohyoid?
* styloid process
56
Where is the insertion of the stylohyoid?
* greater horn of hyoid bone
57
What is the action of the stylohyoid?
* elevates hyoid bone
58
What is the innervation of the stylohyoid?
* facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
59
What is the innervation of the SCM?
* spinal accessory nerve
60
What innervates the scalene muscles?
* C4, C5, C6
61
Label this image with
1) dens
2) atlas
3) axis
4) foramen transversarium
62
Label this image
63
Label this image
64
What is the pharynx divided into?
* nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
65
Where does the nasopharynx run from and to?
* base of the skull to tip of uvula at C1-C2
66
How is the nasopharynx continuous with the nasal cavity?
* choanae
67
what nerve gives sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?
* maxillary (V2) sensory
68
Label these 3 structures
69
What kind of a scan is this and how can you tell?
* coronal CT scan
* air is black
70
What is the drainage from the maxilla?
* uncinate process
71
What is the function of the ethmoid air cells?
* drain between the sphenoid and the ethmoid
72
What kind of a scan is this and how can you tell?
* MRI
* you can see tissue
73
Label these sinuses
74
What cell type is found in the conchae?
* ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
75
Where does the frontal sinus drain?
* into the superior concha
76
Where does the oropharynx run from and to?
* from tip of uvula to epiglottis at C2-C3
77
How is the oropharynx continuous with the oral cavity?
* isthmus of the fauces
78
Label these 4 structures
79
What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?
* elevates pharynx + larynx
* opens eustachian tube
80
What nerve gives sensory innervation to the oropharynx?
* glossopharyngel nerve CN IX
81
At what vertebral level is the larynx found?
* C4- C6
82
Label these structures
83
84
What is the piriform recess?
* muscosal recess formed between central part of larynx and lateral thyroid cartilage
85
What is the clinical significance of the piriform recess?
* food can get stuck here
86
What is the posterior wall of the pharynx enclosed by?
* three constrictor muscles (superior, middle and inferior).
87
What are the constrictor muscles innervated by?
* vagus
88
What are the efferent and afferent components of the pharyngeal (gag) reflex?
* afferent limb of the reflex is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX)
* The efferent limb is supplied by the vagus nerve
89
Where does the middle constrictor attach?
* greater horn of the hyoid bone
* lesser horn of hyoid bone
* thyrohyoid ligament
90
Where does the superior constrictor attach?
* pterygomandibular raphe
* mandible
* pterygoid hamulus
91
Where does the inferior constrictor attach?
* cricoid cartilage
* oblique line of thyroid cartilage
92
How are the constrictor muscles arranged?
* stacked like cups
93
What 2 structures form the pharyngeal pouch and what is the significance of this?
* The thyropharyngeal and the cricopharyngeal from the inferior constrictor can form a pharyngeal pouch
* food can collect there
94
What is the blood supply to the upper pharynx?
* branches of external carotid
95
What is the blood supply to the palatine tonsil?
* tonsillar branch of facial artery
96
What is the blood supply of the lower pharynx?
* inferior thyroid artery which is a branch of thyrocervical trunk
97
What are the 2 branhces of the maxillary artery?
* ascending palatine artery
* tonsillar branch
98
What is the blood supply to the constrictor muscles?
* ascending pharyngeal artery
99
What is the blood supply to the lower pharynx?
* inferior thyroid artery
100
Where do the lymph vessels of the pharynx drain?
* into deep cervical nodes
101
What node drains the palatine tonsils?
* jugulodigastric
102
Label this image
