1.4) Funding Flashcards
The Beveridge model
provided and financed by the government through tax payments
Countires using the Beveridge model
Great Britain (its birthplace)
Spain
Most of Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Ireland)
New Zealand
Hong Kong
Cuba
Does the government own all hospitals in the Beveridge model
many but not all
The Bismarck model
uses an insurance system
How does the Bismarck model work
Employers and employees fund their “sickness funds” through payroll deductions
Does the Bismarck model cover everybody
Yes and they dont make a profit
Countries using the Bismarck model
Germany (its founder)
France
Belgium
Netherlands
Japan
Switzerland
Latin America to a degree
Elements in the NHI model
Bismarck and Beveridge’
Funding of the NHI
Payments comes from a government-run insurance program towards which every citizen pays. It uses private-sector providers
How does the NHI control costs
By limiting the medical services they will pay for or making patients wait to be treated
Countries using NHI
Canada
Taiwan
South Korea
What is Out of pocket
Since most nations are too poor or too disorganised to provide mass medical care, the rich get medical care and the poor stay sick or die
Countries that use the out of pocket model
Rural regions of Africa
China
India
South America
Funding models used in SA
Beveridge
Bismarck
Out-of-pocket
How is the Beveridge Model used in SA
when treating pregnant women or children under 6 in public health facilities
How is the Bismarck Model used in SA
To all those who contribute to a medical scheme
How is the out of pocket model used in SA
when people go the the pharmacy and buy medicine OTC
Define Universal Health Coverage according to WHO
all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitve and palliative health services they need
Main objectives in UHC
Equity in access to health service
Quality of health services should be good enough to improve health of those receiving services
People should be protected against financial risk
