1.2) Healthcare system Flashcards
SAs healthcare system consists of
large public sector
smaller but fast growing private sector
NGO sector
How do NGOs contribute to the health sector
By focusing on HIV/AIDs and TB
What funds the public healthcare sector
The National Treasury
Public Healthcare system serves who
majority of population due to the country’s high levels of poverty and unemployment
Optimal functionality of the public healthcare sector id hampered by
shortage of medical personnel
How was the shortage of medical personnel addressed
-employment of foreign medical practitioners
- made it easier for foreign medical professionals to practice in SA
-newly qualified SA healthcare professionals do compulsory community service
Level 1 consists of
3 types of facilities with a step up referral system
What is a Primary Healthcare clinic
First line of access for people needing healthcare
Primary Healthcare clinics offer
-immunisations
-family planning
- ante-natal care
-treatment of common diseases
-treatment and managemnt of TB
-HIV and AIDS counselling
Cost of Primary healthcare clinics
Services are free of charge
Next stop after Primary healthcare clinic
Community Healthcare clinic
What is a Community Healthcare clinic
2nd step in providing healthcare but it can be used for first-contact care
Community Healthcare clinics offer
-services similar to PHC
- 24hr maternity service
-emergency care
-casualty
-short-stay ward
Next stop after CHC
District hospital when necessary
What is a district hospital
3rd step in the provision of healthcare
District hospitals receive
referrals from and provide generalist support to CHC and centres.
District hospital services include
-diagnostic
-treatment
-care
-counselling and rehabilitation services
District hospital clinical services include
-Surgery
-OBGYN
- Out-patients department
-Medicine
-Paeds
-Mental Health
-Geriatrics
-Casualty
-Clinical Forensic medical services
Who delivers care at district hospitals
Medical Practitioners and nurses
What happens if a District hospital cannot help a person
they will refer them to the local Regional Hospital
What is a Regional Hospital
2nd level of healthcare
Regional Hospitals provide
specialist support to several District hospitals
Regional Hospitals refer patients to
Provincial Tertiary Hospital
What is a Provincial Tertiary Hospital
3rd level of healthcare
PTH provide
sub-specialist support to several Regional hospitals
PTH offer
-Neurosurgery
-neurology
-plastic and reconstructive surgery
-cardiology
-urology
-paediatric surgery
-maxillo-facial surgery’-psychiatry
-occupational health
-Orthopaedics
Who are the PTH staff
Specialists and Generalists
PTH refer people to
National Central Hospital
What is a National Central Hospital
4th and highest level of healthcare
Central Hospitals consist of
Very highly specialised referral units
Central hospitals provide
an environment for multi-specialty clinical services, innovation and research
What are Specialised Hospitals
provide care only for certain specialised patients
Specialised Hospitals include
-chronic psychiatric hospitals
-TB hospitals
-specialised spinal injury hospitals
-acute infectious disease hospitals
What is the NHLS
-largest pathology service in SA
-provides diagnostic and health research services
Referral system of Private healthcare
Referral system is medical aid scheme driven
- GP has to refer the patient
Funding of Private healthcare
by subscriptions of individuals to medical aid schemes
System in place in private healthcare
A motivation system in order to obtain authorisation for chronic medication or specialised medication payment
What is a country’s burden of disease
an assessment that has been done on the mortality, morbidity, injuries, disabilities and other risk factors specific to a country
Define Mortality rate
measures the no. of deaths in a particular population over a specific period
Defines Morbidity rate
frequency or proportion with which a disease appears in a country’s population
SAs burden of disease
4 groups:
-HIV/AIDs & TB
-Other communicable diseases (flu, colds, COVID)
- Non-communicable diseases (diabetes, CVD, Cancer, COPD
-Injuries
What does PASOP stand for
Prevet, Avoid, Stop, Overcome and Protect
What is PASOP
A campaign launched in Nov 2014 to call on all comunities to join hands with the government in the fight against HIV, AIDs and TB
PASOP prioritises who
specific populations and vulnerable groups such as women, youth, sex workers, LGBTI community
