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Business > 1.4 > Flashcards

1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

how are staff seen as a cost

A

don’t add value
wages, sickness, holidays need to be budgeted for
recruitment costs
training to improve productivity

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2
Q

how are staff seen as an asset

A

benefit to the business
training & experience
participate in decision making
more autonomy over work

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3
Q

what is multi-skilling and its advantages

A

workforce can be moved around from one job to another
fewer staff needed
more interesting for employees
increased efficiency

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4
Q

what is part time work and its advantages

A

> 35 hours a week of work
+/ flexible hours
often used on extended hours or weekends

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5
Q

what is temporary work and its advantages

A

employed for a fixed time such as 6 months
+/ seasonal based work fill posts that are being phased out
paid more when job is essential

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6
Q

what is flexible work and its advantages

A

flexibility in the hours workers need to be in the business
+/ scheduled for peak times increased productivity easier communication

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7
Q

what is home working & its advantages

A

work from home or in any other premise
+/ reduced office costs & overheads
attracts employees

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8
Q

advantages & disadvantages of flexible working

A

+/ expand & control workforce quickly
response to change in demand cheaper
-/ less commitment
complex communication

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9
Q

what is a zero hours contract

A

employment contracts with no guarantied hours

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10
Q

what is outsourcing

A

paying a specialist business to carry out a specific task for the business

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11
Q

what is redundancy

A

reducing the size of the workforce, could be due to mergers or closures

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12
Q

what is the difference between dismissal & redundancy

A

dismissal - gross miss conduct
redundancy - job no longer exists

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13
Q

state 3 changes in the labor market

A

decline in trade unions
ageing population
decline in manufacturing jobs

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14
Q

what is individual bargaining and its advantages

A

worker & manager sit face to face & discuss terms & conditions
+/ compromise is come to easier

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15
Q

what is collective bargaining and its advantages

A

representation of all workers meeting with manager
+/ greater power to get action

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16
Q

what is job analysis

A

identifies & determines the particular duties & requirements of the job & knowledge & skill needed

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17
Q

what is job description

A

the tasks involved in the job and employment conditions

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18
Q

what is the person specification

A

skills, knowledge & experience needed by an individual, education requirements

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19
Q

define chain of command

A

the order in which authority & power in an organization is wielded and delegated

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20
Q

define hierarchy

A

the layers in a business the ‘formal structure’ relationship between people in the business and the line of communication

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21
Q

advantages & disadvantages of hierarchy

A

+/ clear lines of authority
career paths & development
accountability for actions
-/ poor flexibility
communication barriers
expensive

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22
Q

advantages & disadvantages of flat organizational structure

A

+/ greater communication
less bureaucracy
easier decision making
-/ limit growth
small organisations

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23
Q

advantages & disadvantages of tall organizational structure

A

+/ clear promotion ladder
employees closely supervised
-/ increased management costs
slow decision making

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24
Q

advantages of a narrow span of control

A

more effective feedback from workers
close supervision

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25
Q

advantages of wide span of control

A

workers given more independence
less managers needed

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26
Q

define matrix

A

company structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid or matrix rather than a traditional hierarchy

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27
Q

what is the difference between centralized & decentralized

A

centralized: all decisions & processes are handled strictly at the top
decentralized: decisions & responsibilities are delegated to lower levels

28
Q

what does organized by function mean

A

divided into smaller groups based on specialized functional areas

29
Q

what does organized by project mean

A

divided into teams of workers with different skills who focus on one product/project

30
Q

advantages of matrix

A

break down traditional department barriers
improved communication
use skills in a variety of contexts
greater motivation

31
Q

disadvantages of matrix

A

not clear lines of accountability difficult to co-ordinate takes time to get used to new structure
may neglect their functional responsibilities

32
Q

advantages & disadvantages of centralized structure

A

+/ consistency
easier co-ordination
economies of scale
-/ less flexibility
less motivation
more paperwork

33
Q

advantages & disadvantages of decentralized structure

A

+/ decisions made closer to customers
improved customer care
-/harder to keep financial control
less consistency

34
Q

define motivation

A

enjoyment of work and desire to achieve

35
Q

why is motivation important

A

better productivity = lower unit cost
lower levels of absence
less staff turnover = lower training & recruitment costs

36
Q

state some financial & non-financial methods of motivation

A

financial: piece work
commission
profit share
non-financial: delegation
job rotation
team working

37
Q

what’s Taylors scientific management motivation theory

A

fair days pay for fair days work
employees do minimum work if not supervised

38
Q

according to Taylors scientific management motivation theory what’s the main factor in motivation

A

high wage = high output

39
Q

in Taylors scientific management motivation theory what’s the best way for employees to work

A

break jobs in small repetitive tasks done the same way
minimize skill required

40
Q

what are the problems with taylors scientific management motivation theory

A

repetitive jobs are often demotivating

41
Q

what are the issues with Mayos theory of human relations

A

employees may feel constantly watched

42
Q

according to Mayos theory of humans relations should a business maximize productivity

A

better communication & feedback working in groups greater manager involvement

43
Q

what’s Mayos theory of human relations motivation theory

A

people valued working in a team over money

44
Q

what are the 5 needs in Maslow’s hierarchy

A

staff actualization
esteem needs
belonging
safety
physiological

45
Q

what are the problems with Maslows hierarchy needs

A

progress is often disrupted by failure to meet a lower level need

46
Q

what are motivating factors

A

interesting work
recognition
responsibility
scope to develop

47
Q

what are hygiene factors

A

good working conditions
good pay
good relationships with other employees

48
Q

whats Herzbergs 2 factor motivation theory

A

hygiene factors don’t influence motivation of employees only motivating factors do

49
Q

what are the problems with Herzberg’s theory

A

these things may be taken for granted
if not met workforce is dissatisfied

50
Q

state some quality’s of a leader

A

self-assured
charismatic
team orientated
conscientious

51
Q

what is the difference between leadership and management

A

leadership
- motivates & inspires people
- changes the direct business strategy
management
- official position of responsibility
- direct & monitors others

52
Q

what is autocratic leadership

A

full control of decision making
employees have little to no input
good in crisis situation
motivation through rewards

53
Q

what is democratic leadership

A

encourages participation in decision making
strong coaching, listening and motivating skills
teamwork and communication
prepared to make final decision

54
Q

what is paternalistic leadership

A

decision making in ‘ father like’ style
workers best interests in mind
leader doesn’t expect decisions to be questioned

55
Q

what is laissez faire leadership

A

gives employees as much freedom as possible
communicate goals to employees but allows them to choose how to complete these objectives, make decisions and resolve problems on their own

56
Q

define chain of command

A

the order in which authority and power in an organization is wielded and delegated

57
Q

define hierarchy

A

the layers in a business
the formal relationships between people in the business and the line of communication

58
Q

define span of control

A

the amount of people under supervision of a manager

59
Q

what is delegation

A

responsibilities and authority is handed out to other people in the business

60
Q

what is delayering

A

reducing the amount of layers in a businesses organizational structure

61
Q

what is a matrix structure

A

company structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid or matrix rather than traditional layering

62
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a flat structure

A

+/ lower wages
employees have more responsibilities
better communication
-/ wide span of control
low promotion opportunity
limit/hinders growth

63
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a tall structure

A

+/ high opportunity for promotion so higher motivation
narrow span of control
-/ higher wages
harder to communicate
decisions take longer to make

64
Q

what are the advantages of a narrow span of control

A

keeps employees on task
easy to ask questions
feedback from employees

65
Q

what are the advantages of wide span of control

A

more responsibility given to workers
manager may be busy if they have too many employees to check on
reduces number of managers required

Business (22 decks)

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