135 - Urinary, vaccine/immunization

Question 1

What are the vaccine factors that affect immunization:

Answer 1

Modified live virus
Serotype
Processing
Inadequeate potency

Question 2

What are the handling and administration factors that affect immunization:

Answer 2

Light protection
Refrigeration
Route of administration
Frequency of administration
Care of syringes for administration
Improper storage, shipping

Question 3

3. What are the host factors that affect immunization:

Answer 3

Health of animal
Allergic response to component
Age
Disease
Nutritional status
Stress
Body temperature
Maternal immunity (maternal antibody interference)
Immunosuppression
Drug therapy – immunosuppressants, corticosteroids

Question 4

Explain SLUD and what triggers SLUD

Answer 4

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Cholinergic agonist effect of bethanechol/ Urecholine

Question 5

Define the diuretics classification and when / why they are used

Answer 5

Diuretics – decrease BP, edema, toxin flush

Loop diuretics – work in Loop of Henle, CHF, PE, early renal failure

Thiazide diuretics – Distal Convoluted Tubule
K+ sparing diuretics – DCT

Osmotic diuretics – toxins, brain edema

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor – (bicarb, diuresis) decrease IOP in glaucoma

Question 6

Compare and contrast the MOAs of the three types of diuretics commonly used in veterinary medicine.

Answer 6

Loop diuretics – pushes out Na and inhibits NA reabsorption

Thiazides – similar to loops, but less potent

K+ sparing diuretics – causes Na excretion and K conservation; aldosterone is blocked, resulting in less Na reabsorbed

Question 7

Name three categories of diseases/conditions where diuretics are used.

Answer 7

Cardiac
Respiratory
Urinary

Question 8

Explain why carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used in glaucoma treatment.

Answer 8

Decrease production of aqueous humor in eye, resulting in decreased pressure

Question 9

Define hypertension.

Answer 9

High blood pressure

Question 10

List the drugs used as hypertensives.

Answer 10

Propranolol/Inderal
Enalopril/ Enacard
Captopril/Capoten

Question 11

Give the location where the hormone aldosterone is produced.

Answer 11

Adrenal cortex

Question 12

Explain how aldosterone affects the body.

Answer 12

Increases Na reabsorption from the kidney, causing Na retention by body, which holds water in blood, causing expansion of blood volume

Question 13

Define the term vasodilator and where / where / why a vasodilator drug is used in the body.

Answer 13

Dilates or expands the vessels

To decrease BP, Cardiac output, decrease vascular tone

Question 14

If a patient is in renal failure, state how the dose amount might be modified.

Answer 14

Dose =normal dose/pt creatinine

Question 15

If a patient is in renal failure, state how the treatment interval might be modified.

Answer 15

Time = normal time x pt creatinine