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A Level Comp Sci Paper 1 > 1.3.4 Web Technologies > Flashcards

1.3.4 Web Technologies Flashcards

1
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A
  • Hyper Text Markup Language
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2
Q

What is HTML and what can it do?

A
  • Set of instructions telling how images and text should be displayed in a web browser.
  • Webpages coded with HTML are read by web browsers which then interpret the tags and render the page visually.
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3
Q

What is the html tag

A
  • Tells the browser that the file has been created using html. It begins with this tag and ends with this tag.
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4
Q

What is the head

tag?

A
  • Contains the webpages header information.
  • It is a container for metadata (data about data) and placed between and tags.
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5
Q

What is the title

tag?

A
  • Defines the title of the document. Shown in the title bar.
  • It is a required tag for all HTML documents.
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6
Q

What is the body tag?

A
  • Contains the webpage’s content
  • Defines the document’s main text, headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists.
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7
Q

What is the h* tag

A
  • Define headings in order of importance. The h1 tag is the most important
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8
Q

What is the image tag?

A
  • Used to embed an image into the HTML document. Images are linked to webpages.
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9
Q

img src = “Dog.jpg alt = ”picture of dog”

What does the tags src and alt mean?

A
  • Src: Specifies the file path of the image
  • Alt : Specifies the alternate text for the image if it can’t be displayed.
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10
Q

What is the a tag?

A
  • Defines a hyperlink which is used to link 1 page to another .
  • The most important attribute of the a tag is href, which indicates the link’s destination
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11
Q

What are the colours for a link that was unvisited, visited and active?

A
  • Unvisited link - Blue underlined
  • Visited link - Purple Underlined
  • Active Link - Red Underlined
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12
Q

What is the ol tag?

A
  • Defines an ordered list. Can be numerical or alphabetical.
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13
Q

What is the li tag?

A
  • Used to define each item in a list.
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14
Q

What is the ul tag?

A
  • Defines an unordered (bulleted list)
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15
Q

What does CSS stand for and what does it do?

A
  • Cascading style sheets
  • Describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screens, paper, other media
  • Saves a lot of work by allocating developers to control the layout of multiple pages at once.
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16
Q

What are the different ways CSS can be used?

A
  • Can be included directly inside the HTML file if it is defined inside a style tag. - it only affects the style of that page.
  • Can use a separate external style sheet and change the look of the entire site by amending that file. Use link tags to link CSS page to HTML page.
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17
Q

What are some of the different properties of CSS

A
  • background-color
  • border-color
  • border-width
  • border-style
  • font-family
  • font-size
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18
Q

What is the code that links the external CSS file to the HTML page?

A
  • link rel “stylesheet” href = “style.css” (in tags)
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19
Q

What are the different ways of linking parts of the HTML page to the Stylesheet?

A
  • Using div tags
    • div class = “main” in HTML page main{ (in stylesheet)
  • Using id selector
    • ol id = “ordered list” - (HTML page) #ordered list { - in stylesheet {
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20
Q

Describe 1 advantage of storing CSS in an external file rather than embedded within HTML files

A
  • Content and formatting and kept separate (1)
  • Changes can be made to the external style sheet and affect the whole site (1) saving time (1) and ensuring consistency (1)
  • Stylesheets can be changed for different themes, or different devices (1)
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21
Q

Describe what is meant by the term Javascript

A
  • A programming language that runs on a web browser(1)
  • That can be embedded into HTML(1)
  • With script tag (1) to add interactivity to a page(1)
22
Q

What type of tags does the form element have?

A
  • input tags
  • textarea tags
  • button tags
  • select tags
  • option tags
  • label tags
  • output tags
23
Q

What does an action attribute tell the browser

A
  • Tells the browser it needs to send any submitted form data to a page on the server indicated by the tags.
24
Q

How are simple text boxes and buttons defined with?

A
  • With the input tags
  • The type attribute determines the type of input
  • Inputs are given an id - can refer to this in Javascript.
25
Q

What does a search engine use?

A
  • The search engine runs the request against its index it doesnt actually search every single web page.
26
Q

What is indexing?

A
  • Is the process of a search engine collecting, sorting and storing data in its index
  • Therefore the index is the place where all the data the search engine has gathered is located.
27
Q

The index must be constantly updated to ensure that?

A
  • New sites/ pages are added
  • Old sites/pages are removed
  • Broken links are updated
28
Q

What do spiders/crawlers do in the WWW?

A
  • They travel the world wide web
  • They index any pages, content, metadata they find and map links between pages by following all:
    • Internal links
    • External links
  • By doing this they continuously add and update the index.
29
Q

Explain what happens when a search engine indexes the page - no ranking?

A
  • A program called a spider/crawler/bot (1)
  • Traverses the web/ following the links (1)
  • It takes each word in the document (1)
  • It adds an entry for the page in the index (1) alongside the word’s position on the page (1)
30
Q

What is the Page Rank algorithm?

A
  • Trademarked algorithm used to compile and rank website pages and the lists of results are returned by a search engine.
  • It checks the number and quality of links to a page to determine how important it is.
  • Makes an assumption : important websites are linked to/from other websites.
31
Q

What does C(Tn) mean in the page rank algorithm?

A
  • Is the total count of outbound links (links from your site to other sites) from the webpage n, including inbound links (pointing from other websites to your site) to page A
32
Q

What is PR(Tn) / C(Tn) in the page rank algorithm?

A
  • Is the share of the vote page A gets from pages T1 through Tn. These vote fractions are added together and multiplied by d.
33
Q

What is d in the page rank algorithm?

A
  • Damping factor that prevents PR(Tn)/ C(Tn) from having too much influence. Its notionally set to 0.85
34
Q

How does the page rank algorithm work?

A
  • The web page’s pagerank is determined in part by the pagerank of other pages linking to it.
  • Doesnt need to know the page rank of back-linked pages
  • First, the algorithm makes an informed guess. After iterations it hones into the correct page rank
  • Once the final page rank is achieved, the average page rank of all pages will be 1.
35
Q

The site’s owner notices that the site doesn’t come up high in the results from a search engine that uses PageRank algorithm. State what would affect his site’s ranking?

A
  • The number of sites that link to their site
  • The pageRank of the linking sites
  • The number of outward links from the site
36
Q

What are the names of the 2 types of connected entities used when using the internet?

A
  • The client/user
  • The server holding the web page or resource we want.
37
Q

What are the simple interaction steps when a user wants to review a web page?

A
  • The client requests the page
  • The client’s request is recieved by the web server
  • The web server returns the page to the client’s browser.
38
Q

What are the features of client side processing?

A
  • Initial data validation (Javascript)
  • Manipulates user interface elements
  • Applies website styles CSS
  • Reduces load on the server
  • Reduces the amount of web traffic
39
Q

What are the features of server-side processing

A
  • Provides further validation
  • Queries and updates the server database
  • Encodes data into readable HTML and responds to queries submitted by HTML forms
  • Keeps organisation data secure
  • Performs complex calculations and adds extra functionality to a website
40
Q

Are these client side or server side:

  1. Code executes on the local browser
  2. Code executes on a remote computer
  3. Reduces load on the server
  4. Essential for accurate querying of a database
  5. Executing Javascript code
  6. Initial validation of inputs
  7. SQL processes take place
A
  1. Client side
  2. Server side
  3. Client side
  4. Server side
  5. Client side
  6. Client side
  7. Server side
41
Q

Are these client side or server side?

  1. Scripts are embedded on the webpage
  2. Faster response times
  3. Cookies to personalise user’s experience
  4. Processing overhead that can decrease performance and force the user to wait for the page to be processed and recreated
A
  1. Client side
  2. Client side
  3. Client side
  4. Server side
42
Q

What is the purpose compression?

A
  • Reduce the size of files
  • Reduce download times
  • Reduce storage requirements
  • Makes better use of bandwidth
43
Q

What are the 2 methods of compression?

A
  • Lossy and Lossless
  • When a compressed file arrives at its destination it needs to be uncompressed to be read
44
Q

What are the features of Lossy Compression?

A
  • Some data is lost when the file is compressed
  • Reduces quality but significantly reduces file size
  • Suitable for images, audio and video
45
Q

What are the features of lossless compression?

A
  • None of the original data is lost
  • Original file can be recreated
  • Suitable for executable files and documents
46
Q

Describe what is meant by Lossy Compression

Explain whether lossy or lossless compression would be most appropriate to store the photograph. Justify your response

A

a) An algorithm that makes a file storage/ file smaller but accuaracy with what it represents data is reduced/information is lost in the process
b) Lossy Compression. Some loss of detail is acceptable. Unlikely to be noticeable. Will make the file size smaller than lossless.

47
Q

Exam Question: Why is Javascript interpreted rather than compiled?

A
  • JavaScript is likely to be run on a variety of machines (1)
  • with different processors / architectures (1).
  • Compiled code is machine dependent (1) whereas interpreters run on high level code (1) which is machine independent (1).
48
Q

Describe 1 advantage of storing CSS in an external file

A
  • Content and formatting are kept separate (1).
  • Changes can be made to the external style sheet and affect the whole site (1)
  • saving time (1)
  • and ensuring consistency (1).
  • Stylesheets can be changed for different themes, or different devices (1).
49
Q

Exam Question: Discuss the differences of using Client side and Server side processing with respect to webpages

A
  • Client side processing doesn’t require data to be sent back and forth meaning code is much more responsive.
  • Code is visible which means it can be copied.
  • Server side processing takes away the reliance of the browser having the correct interpreter
  • . It hides the code from the user, protecting copyright and avoiding it being amended/circumvented.
  • Server side processing puts extra load on the server. This is at the cost of the company hosting the website.
50
Q
A

A Level Comp Sci Paper 1 (16 decks)

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