13.1 Complementary and Alternative Therapies Flashcards
1
Q
Herbal Medicines
A
- Most common form of alternative/complementary medicine
- Used because people think natural is healthier than conventional drugs
2
Q
Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act
A
- Products not sold as drugs can be sold as dietary supplements
- FDA cannot get involved unless product proves to be harmful and does not advertise benefits
3
Q
Supplement Labels
A
- Cannot say they diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease
- They can say it has the ability to favorably influence body structure or function
- “Helps Promote or Helps Maintain”
- Safe until proven hazardous
4
Q
Good Manufacturing Practices (June 2007)
A
- More quality control
- Use of hygienic processes
- Labeling needs to be accurate on purity, quality, strength and all ingredients
- Does not require safety or efficacy
5
Q
Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Act
A
- Mandates reporting of adverse effects
6
Q
Germany E Commission
A
- Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicine
7
Q
Aloe Vera
A
- Oral version used as laxative
- Topical used for burns and bites, cuts, skin wrinkles, sunburn
Adverse Effects - Allergic Reaction (topical)
- Diarrhea (oral)
8
Q
Black Cohosh
A
- Used for menopause, dysmenorrhea, PMS
- Blue Cohosh is toxic
- Possible replacement for estrogen therapy
- Not intended for use longer than 6 months
Adverse Effects - Stomach upset, Headache Dizziness,
- Can affect antihypertensives
- Do not take with low blood pressure
- May potentiate insulin and oral hypoglycemics
9
Q
Chamomile Tea
A
- Used for GI Spasms, Inflammatory Disease of GI Tract, Cough, Bronchitis, Cold Symptoms.
- Sedative and Sleep Aid (no evidence)
Adverse Effects - Allergies to ragweed, asters, mums, other plants
10
Q
Co-Enzyme Q10
A
- Found in production of ATP
- Treatment of heart failure, muscle injury caused by statin drugs that lower cholesterol.
- Antioxidant properties
Adverse Effects - Antagonize Warfarin
- Shares biosynthesis pathway with cholesterol
- Statis decrease natural effects of Q10
11
Q
Cranberry
A
- Used for UTI’s
- Cranberry pills are better alternative (less sugar)
- Not as effective in elderly (45-50)
Adverse Effects - Possibly impact INR with warfarin
12
Q
Echinacea
A
- Supportive therapy for colds and chronic upper respiratory infections and poorly healing wounds
- No Side Effects
13
Q
Feverfew
A
- Useful for fever, migraines, arthritis, arteriosclerosis
- Benefits to migraines used prophylactically
Adverse Reactions - Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Chewing leaves causes burning/swelling on lips and tongue
- Contraindicated in patients on antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs.
14
Q
Flaxseed
A
- Treats dyslipidemia (elevated cholesterol) and constipation.
Adverse Effects - GI Related
15
Q
Garlic (Raw)
A
- Decrease triglycerides and LDL cholesterol
- Increases HDL and lower blood pressure
- Benefits go away if cooked
Adverse Effects - Decreases platelet aggregation
- Formation of atherosclerosis plaque
16
Q
Ginger Root
A
- Treats vertigo and suppresses nausea/vomiting caused by morning sickness in pregnant women.
- Treats motion sickness
- Post-op nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy
Adverse Effects - Can suppress platelet aggregation
17
Q
Ginseng
A
- Energy boost and concentration
Contraindications - Patients with hypertension
18
Q
Probiotics
A
- Helps irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, antibiotic associated diarrhea
- Useful in rotavirus.
Precautions - Notify PCP if taking with antibiotics
19
Q
Saw Palmetto
A
- Used for UTI problems with enlarged prostate
- Antiandrogen activity
- Category X drug
- Affects prostate-specific antigen levels
20
Q
St John’s Ward
A
- Depression, Anxiety, Nervousness Adverse Effects - Competes for metabolism sites in P450 system in liver - May intensify some drug effects - Lots of interactions
21
Q
Ginkgo Glucosamine
A
- Used for arthritic pain
- Caution in people with shellfish allergy
22
Q
Green Tea
A
- Can cause caffeine overdose
23
Q
Soy
A
- Do not use with antiestrogenic medications (tamoxifen)
24
Q
Valerian
A
- Used as tranquilizer in WW2
- May potentiate alcohol CNS depressant
- Generally well tolerated
25
Comfrey (DANGER)
- Can cause hepatic vessel occlusive disease and liver damage
- Used to be used to treat broken bones, sprains, fractures
26
Kava (DANGER)
- Alternative to benzodiazepine
- Sedative anti-anxiety muscle relaxant
- Relax muscles and anxiety
ADVERSE EFFECTS
- Hepatoxicity
27
Ma Huang - Ephreda (DANGER)
- CNS stimulant
- Can cause euphoria and lead to abuse
ADVERSE EFFECTS
- Stroke, MI, Death
28
Ginkgo and Anticoagulants (DANGER)
- Accelerates effects of aspirin and other antiplatelets
| - Dangerous to use with antiplatelet and coumadin
29
Ephedrine (DANGER)
- Used for weight loss medications
| - Large doses people were dying with stimulants
30
DANGER
Echinacea and anabolic steroids
Saint Johns Wort with amphetamines, cocaine, MAO inhibitors
Kava with anesthesia and Parkinson's drug