13. The new energy geopolitics

Question 1

Clean technologies ramp up

In the NZEs (from 2020 to 2030) how much will be the increase of:
1- Solar and wind capacity additions (GW)

2- Electric car sales (millions)

3- Energy intensity of GDP (MJ/USD)

Answer 1

1. Solar and wind capacity additions = x4 (~250 GW –> ~1000 GW)
2. Electric car sales (millions) = x18 (~3 millions –> ~54 millions)
3. Energy intensity of GDP = 4% decrease per year (4.5 MJ/$ –> ~3MJ/$)

Question 2

SWITCHING A RISK FOR ANOTHER (MATERIALS)

What are the main materials used for :

1. electric car vs conventional car
2. Offshore wind
3. onshore wind
4. solar pv
5. nuclear
6. coal
7. natural gas

Answer 2

1. Electric car: Copper, Nickel, Graphite, Lithium, Manganese, Cobalte

conventional car: Copper, manganese (in less quantity than electric car)

2. Offshore wind: a lot of copper and zinc, some manganese, chromium, nickel, rare earths and molybdenum

3.