1.3 Specialised Cells Flashcards
How are fat cells adapted to their function
They contain a small amount of cytoplasm and a large amount of fat.
They have few mitochondria as the pay require little energy.
They can expand - a fat cell can expand top 1000 times its original size as it fills up with fat.
What do fat cells contain
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Fat store
Mitochondria
How is the human eye cone cell adapted to its function
The outer segment contains a special chemical ( a visual pigment ) this changes chemically in coloured light. It needs energy to change it backs to its original form.
The middle segment is packed full of mitochondria. The mitochondria release the energy needed to reform the visual pigment. This lets you see continually in colour.
The final part of the cone cell is a specialised synapse that connects to the optic nerve. When coloured light makes your visual pigment change an impulse is triggered. The impulse crosses the synapse and travels along the optic nerve to your brain.
What part of the human eye cone cell contains mitochondria
Middle section
How are root hair cells adapted to their function
The root hair increases the surface area for water to move into the cell.
The root hair cells have a large permanent vacuole that speeds up the movement of water by osmosis from the soil across the root hair
How are sperm cells adapted to their function .
Long tail whips side to side, helps move the sperm cell towards the egg
The middle section is full of mitochondria which provide energy for the tail to work.
The acrosome stores digestive enzymes for breaking down the outer layers of the egg.
A large nucleus contains genetic information to be passed on.
What is meant by a cell becoming specialised
When a cell becomes specialised its structure is adapted to suit the particular job it does. As a result they will look different from a typical plant or animal cell.
Sometimes they become so specialised they only have one function eg sperm cells , red blood cells
