13 - Social Psychology Flashcards
Actor-Observer Effect 13
We see behaviour is influenced by environment when judging ourselves and undeerstand when situational demands affect our behaviour in unusual ways. We may not have that same insight judging others.
Adaptive Conservatism 13
Evolutionary principle; creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different.
Aggression 13
Behaviour intended to harm others, either verbally or physically.
Altruism 13
Helping others for unselfish reasons.
Attitude 13
Belief that includes an emotional component.
Attribution 13
Process of assigning causes to behaviour.
Bystander Effect or Bystander Non-Intervention 13
Not calling 911 if someone being harmed or house on fire.
Cognitive Dissonance 13
Unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs; we change our behaviour, and sometimes it’s easier to change our original belief.
Compliance 13
Conforming without belief in what you are doing.
Conformity 13
Tendency of people to alter their behaviour as a result of group pressure.
Cult 13
Group of individuals who exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause.
Deindividuation 13
Tendency of people to engage in uncharacteristic behaviour when they are stripped of their usual identities.
Demand Characterists 13
Different from Impression Management and Social Desirability.
Diffusion of Responsibility 13
Reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others.
Discrimination 13
Negative behaviour toward members of out-groups.
Door-in-the-Face Technique 13
Persuasive technique involving making an unreasonably large request before making the small request we’re hoping to have granted.
Dual Process Theory 13
The type of message (and our processing of it) influences likelihood of attitude change
Peripheral processing (superficial)
E.g. A catchy tune or cute animal on a commercial
Central processing (elaboration)
E.g. we’ve listened carefully and examined the merits of the product for ourselves
Which ‘route’ is taken depends on the relevance of the message to the target
Who is attempting to persuade you can also have an impact
Highly credible people/authority
Attractive/celebrities
If messenger is similar to receiver
Enlightenment Effect 13
Learning about psychological research can change real-world behaviour for the better.
Explicit Prejudice 13
Unfounded negative belief of which we’re aware regarding the characteristics of an out-group.
Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Study 13
Participants given boring task (put plastic spools into a tray and take out repeaedly)
Some paid $1; some paid $20 to tell next person that the task was “very enjoyable.”
Participants debriefed after, were asked about their true feelings toward the task
Foot-in-the-Door Technique 13
Persuasive technique involving making a small request before making a bigger one.
Fundamental Attribution Error 13
Tendency to overestimate the influences of character traits/dispositional causes on other people’s behaviour.
Groupthink 13
Emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking.
Implicit Prejudice 13
Unfounded negative belief of which we’re unaware regarding the characteristics of an out-group.
Impression Management Theory 13
Theory that we don’t really change our attitudes, but report that we have so that our behaviours appear consistent with our attitudes.
In-Group Bias 13
Tendency to favour individuals within our group over those from outside our group.
Inoculation Effect 13
Approach to convincing people to change their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunking those reasons.
