12 - Stress, Coping, & Health Flashcards
Acupuncture 12
Ancient Chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces believed to run through the body.
Adrenaline 12
A hormone released by your adrenal glands and some neurons. Also called epinephrine.
Adrenal glands are located at the top of each kidney and are controlled by the pituitary gland.
It’s released in response to a stressful, exciting, dangerous, or threatening situation. Helps your body react more quickly, makes the heart beat faster, increases blood flow to the brain and muscles, and stimulates the body to make sugar to use for fuel.
Aerobic Exercise 12
Exercise that promotes the use of oxygen in the body.
High 12
People who cope well in the aftermath of a stressor tend to display relatively (high/low) levels of functioning before the event.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 12
A life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus attacks and damages the immune system.
Alternative Medicine 12
Health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine.
Alzheimer Care-Givers 12
Wounds took 24% longer to heal in __________ __________.
Antigens 12
Potentially illness inducing organisms, substances, bacteria, and viruses.
Arthritis 12
Immune System causes swelling and pain at joints.
Arthritis 12
An example of an autoimmune disease in which the immune system is overactive is (arthritis/alcoholism).
Atheroschlorosis 12
Condition created by the narrowing and blocking of Artery walls caused by cholestrol. Associated with an inflamatory response in artery walls.
Avoidant-Oriented Coping 12
Giving up hope or dodging problems to cope with stress. Least effecting coping mechanism.
Biofeedback 12
Feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function, such as heart rate or skin temperature.
Psychological 12
A biopsychosocial perspective proposes that most medical conditions are neither all physical nor all _________.
Biopsychosocial Perspective 12
The view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Coronary Heart Disease 12
Scientists have learned that psychological factors, including stress and personality traits, are key risk factors for _______ _______ ______.
Clinician’s Illusion 12
Refers to the fact that Psychologists tend to see only those who are not healthy and sometimes overestimate fragility and/or underestimate resiliance.
Central Nervous 12
Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the relationship between the immune system and the _______ _______ system.
Unemployment | Interpersonal Difficulties 12
In a study, ____________ and _________ ___________ lasting more than a month were the best predictors of who caught a cold (because of inflamatory response linked to colds?)
Can 12
Research has shown that stress (can/can’t) decrease resistance to the cold virus.
Complementary Medicine 12
Health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine.
Coronary Heart Disease 12
Damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart. Number 1 cause of Death in the US. 29% of Deaths in Canada; 22% v. 19% male to female ration., while 9% vs. 6% female to male ratio died of stroke.
Corticosteroid 12
Stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances.
Cortosol 12
Stress Hormone
Emotion-Focused Coping 12
Coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions.
the Emotional Brain 12
Includes the Amydala, Hypothalamus, and Hippocampus. Considered to be the seat of anxiety within the limbic system.
Fight-or-Flight 12
The ________ response is a set of physiological or psychological reactions that mobilize us to either confront or escape a threatening situation.
Fight-or-Flight Response 12
Physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves or escape a threatening situation.
Flashbacks12
The telltale symptoms of PTSD include vivid memories, feelings, and images of traumatic experiences, known commonly as _________.
Behavioural - step up to deal with
Cognitive - think differently and adapt
Decisional - choose alternatives
Informational - learn about stressor
Emotional - suppress or expresslon 12
Forms of Control
Franz Alexander 12
In 1950, argued peptic ulcers were caused by the reawakening of childhood cravings for food and feelings of dependancy.
The alarm reaction involves the excitation of the autonomic nervous system, the discharge of the stress hormone adrenalin, and physical symptoms of anxiety. 12
Identify the brain and body components activated in the alarm reaction proposed by Selye’s GAS, depicted here.
General Adaptation Syndrome [GAS] 12
Stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Hardiness 12
Set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances.
Hassle 12
Minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope.
Hassles Scale 12
Measures how stressful events from small annoyances to major daily pressures ae associated with general health.
Health Psychology 12
Field of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine.
Helicobacter Pylori 12
Bacteria that thrives in stomach acid and causes 90& of peptic ulcers.
human immunodeficiency virus 12
AIDS in a life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable disease in which the _________ _________ _______ attacks and damages the immune system.
Homeopathic Medicine 12
Remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences.
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 12
Hypothalamus
⬇
Anterior Pituitary
⬇
Adrenal Cortex
⬇
Cortisol
Immune System 12
Our body’s defence system against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances.
Issues with Social Readjustment Rating Scale [SRRS] 12
- Focuses on more negative events than positive
- Does not differentiate chronic vs acute stressors
- Does not apply to all groups
- Holmes & Rahe sampled Caucasian groups to create the scale
- Different populations may rank various stressors differently
- African-Americans rank change in living condition, personal injury & work responsibility higher than Caucasian Americans
- It is an adult scale
- What about children and younger adults?
Lisa Berkman and Leonard Syme 12
Conducted a 9 year landmark study on how Social Support buffers and protects from stressors.
Macrophages 12
Destroy antigens and dead tissue in the body.
Meditation 12
A variety of practices that train attention and awareness.
Morgellan’s Disease 12
Delusional Infestation
Multiple Schlorosis 12
Immune System attacks Mylon Sheath surrounding neurons.
Oxycotin 12
Love and Bonding Hormone
Oxycoton 12
The hormone __________ further counters stress and promotes the tend-and-befriend response.
Pathogens 12
Disease producing organisms
Peptic Ulcer 12
Inflamed area in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain, nausea, and loss of appetite.
Hans Selye 12
Proposed General Adaptation Syndrome. Published “the Stress of Life”
Richard Lazarus 12
Proposed the Stress as Transaction Approach
White Blood Cell
Phagocytes / Lymphocytes 12
two types of _____ _____ _______ that protect us fron infection are __________ and ___________.
Better 12
The frequency and perceived severity of hassles are (better/worse) predictors of physical health than major life events.
Prevalence of PTSD
Lifetime prevalence of _____ about 5% in men and 10% in women.
Primary Appraisal 12
Initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful. Is it a threat? How severe? Has to do with the Stressor out there.
Proactive Coping 12
Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping.
Problem-Focused Coping 12
Coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head-on. Form of behaviour control.
Psychoneuroimmunology 12
Study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system.
Psychophysiological 12
Illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition.
Psychosomatic 12
Cause of illness attributed to deep seated conflicts and emotional reactions.
PostTraumatic Stress Disorder 12
The severity, duration, and nearness to the stressor affect people’s likelihood of developing _______ ________ ________.
Resistance 12
During the ________ stage of the GAS, we adapt to the stressor and try to find a way to cope with it.
Secondary Appraisal 12
Perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows innitial evaluation. Do I have resources to cope with the threat? To do with inner resources.
65% 12
In a survey of New York City area residents after September 11th, researchers found that (25%/65%) of the sample were resiliant.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Question based on 43 life events that ranks stressful situations and assigns them a value.
Social Support 12
Relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources.
Spirituality 12
Search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God.
SRRS 12
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Stress 12
The tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor — a type of stimulus — strains our ability to cope effectively. The term found it’s way into psychological literature in 1944.
Stress 12
The tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains our ability to cope is called ____________.
Stress as a Response 12
Study of Stress as a Physiological Manifestation.
Stress as Transaction Approach 12
View of studying stess based on how people interpret and cope with events. Richard Lazarus proposed we assess the threat before then assess if we can can deal with it. Optimism adopts the problem-focused coping of dealing head-on — if we can’t avoid/control we adopt the emotion-focused coping of positive emotional spin.
the Stress of Life 12
Published by Hans Selye
Stressors as Stimuli Approach 12
Survivors of Hurrican Sandy might be of particular interest to researchers who study stress from which viewpoint?
Stressors as Stimuli Approach 12
Survivors of Hurricane Sandy might be of interest to those who study stress from what viewpoint?
cytokines | T cells | B cells | antibodies 12
__________ signal __ cells to attach to viruses and kill them. ____ cells produce __________ which attach to invaders and attract other proteins to destroy invaders.
Tend and Befriend 12
Reaction that mobilizes people to nurture or seek social support under stress.
Both responses refer to ways of coping with stressors. During flight-or-flight, a person is physically and psychologically mobilized to either fight or fell. In contrast, during stress women often rely on social support and nurturing abilities (tend/befriend) to help cope. 12
What are the similarities and differences between Shelley Taylor’s tend-and-befriend respionse and the flight-or-flight response?
the Thinking Brain 12
Coined by Joseph LeDoux and refers to portions of the Cerebral Cortex.
Trauma 12
An event so severe that it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences.
Type A personality type describes people who are competative, driven, hostile, ambitious, and impatient. Research indicates that the anger component of the Type A personality can be deadly, increasing our risk for coronary heart disease. 12
What are the characteristics of a Type A personality and what health risks are associated with such a personality?
Type A Personality 12
Personality type that describes people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious
Are Not 12
Ulcers (are/aren’t) cause by hot, spicy foods.
