11 - True/False & Short Answer Flashcards
True or False: Psychological research demonstrates that emotion and reason are direct opposites of each other. 11
False
True of False: Some emotions, like happiness, appear to be recognized by a substantial majority of people in all cultures. 11
True
True or False: According to the James-Lange theory, emotions follow from our bodily reactions. 11
True
True or False: Two-factor theory proposes that arousal is necessary for emotion. 11
True
True or False: Almost all emblems are cross-culturally universal. 11
False
True or False: Personal distance from others is usually correlated with emotional distance. 11
True
True or False 7: People who’ve had a great deal of experience with liars are almost alwsy better at detecting them than other people are. 11
False
True or False 8: The polygraph test has a very low false-positive rate. 11
False
True or False 9: The effects of truth serum are quite similar to those of ingesting several alcoholic drinks. 11
True
True or False: Pessimism is an adaptive strategy for some people. 11
True
True or False: Good moods often allow us to consider novel alternatives to problems. 11
True
True or False: Money is highly correlated with happiness, especially at high levels of income. 11
False
True or False: Happiness tends to decline sharply after age 50. 11
False
True or False: A few months after winning big in a lottery, lottery winners aren’t much happier than anyone else. 11
True
True or False: According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, we generally do best when we’re at our highest levels of arousal. 11
False
True or False: Obese individuals seem resistant to the effects of leptin. 11
True
True or False: Starvation can lead to at least some symptoms of anorexia nervosa. 11
True
True or False: Few people are sexually active into their seventies and eighties. 11
False
True or False: Scientists have yet to discover a dependable biological marker of sexual orientation. 11
True
True or False: When it comes to romantic chemistry, opposites attract. 11
False
True or False: Opinions of beauty and attractiveness tend to vary widely across cultures. 11
False
True or False: In general, people find average faces the most physically attractive. 11
True
Companionate and passionate love appear to be psychologically and physiologically independent. 11
True
According to _______ _______ theory, humans experience a small number of distinct emotions that combine in complex ways. 11
Discrete Emotions
One of the first researches to study how emotional expressions of humans and non-humans are similar, _______ _______ observed that the angry snarl of dogs bears a resemblance to the dismissive sneer of humans. 11
Charles Darwin
What kind of smile is characterized by the turning upwards of the corners of the mouth and changes in the eyelids and corners of the eye? 11
The Duchenne Smile
According to _______ theories of emotion, emotions are products of thinking. 11
Cognitive
According to the _______ theory of emotion, emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli. 11
James-Lange
According to Damasio’s somatic marker theory, we (do/don’t) use our “gut reactions” to help us determine how we should act. 11
Do
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, an emotion-provolking event leads ________ both to an emotion and to bodily reactions.
Simultaneously
Describe how we experience emotions during an event like a car accident, according to Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. 11
We first experience arousal after an emotion-provoking event and then look to the situation to determine the cause of that arousal. The emotional label we attach to our arousal based on our interpretation of the situation is the emotion we experience.
According to the _____ _____ _____, the expression “keep a stiff upper lip” should improve your mood. 11
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
According to the facial feedback hypothesis, we’re more likely to feel emotions that correspond to our _______ _______. 11
Facial Features
The unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behaviour is known as _______ _______. 11
Non-Verbal Leakage
How do emoticons help to ensure that an email or text message is interpreted in the manner it was intended? 11
Because email message are devoid of non-verbal cues, people have developed a variety of emoticons to convey various emotions that might not be obcious over email or instant messaging.
When talking, we often use _______, gestures that highlight or accentuate speech. 11
Illustrators
When stressed or nervous, you may engage in _______, such as biting your fingernails or twirling your hair. 11
Manipulators
Gestures that convey specific meaning, such as a hand wave or the okay sign, are called _______. 11
Emblems
Typically, the correlation between people’s confidence in their ability to detect lies and their accuracy in dong so is (low/high). 11
Low
The most widely administered version of the polygraph test, the _______ _______ _______, measures subjets’ physiological responses following three major types of yes-no questions. 11
Controlled Question Test (CQT)
Research shows that the primary problem with the polygraph test is its high rate of (false positives/false negatives). 11
False Positives
How does the polygraph rely on the assumption of the Pinocchio response? 11
The Pinocchio response is a perfect physiological or behavioural indicator of lying. Like Pinocchio’s nose, people’s bodily reactions supposedly give them away whenever they lie.
Some emplyers administer paper-and-pencil _______ tests in an attempt to assess workers’ tendencies to steal or cheat. 11
Integrity
Explain how the kind of Bhutan plans to increase the gross national happiness of his country and why this initiative may be beneficial to all. 11
The King plans to boost GNH in Bhutan by preserving the beauty of its natural environment, promoting cultural values, and giving citizens more of a voice in government decisions. This is beneficial because happiness often breeds both health and success in our work, family, and love lives.
Peterson and Seligman identified numerous _______ _______ and _______ as essential to positive psychology. 11
Character Strengths / Virtues
According to Fredrickson’s _______ _______ _______ theory, happiness predisposes us to think more openly. 11
Broaden and Build
_______ _______ is a strategy of anticipating failures and compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes. 11
Defensive Pessimism
According to psychological research, money (can/can’t) buy longterm happiness. 11
Can’t
The increase in happiness with old age appears to be due to the _______ effect. 11
Positivity
The ability to predict our own and others’ happiness is called _______ _______. 11
Affective Forecasting
When we believe that both our good and bad moods will last longer than they do, we’re suffering from a _______ _______. 11
Durability Bias
Is there any research evidence that motivational speakers, like Anthony Robbins, produce long-term changes in people’s behaviour? 11
No
Most drive reduction theories propose that we’re moticated to maintain a given level of psychological _______. 11
Homeostasis
The ________ law describes an inverted U-shape relation between arousal on the one hand and performance and mood on the other. 11
Yerkes-Dodson
_______ theories propose that we’re often motivated by positive goals. 11
Incentive
Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, insert the appropriate need at each level of the pyramind in the path to achieving self-actualization. 11
SA
d.
c.
b.
a.
a. Physiological Needs
b. Safety Needs
c. Belonging Needs
d. Esteem Needs
According to _______ theory, when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose. 11
Glucostatic
Each of us may have a genetically programmed _______ _______ that establishes a range of body and muscle mass we tend to maintain. 11
Set Point
_______ is the most common eating disorder, and 95% of the people with this diagnosis are women. 11
Bulimia
Masters and Johnson reported in their pioneering investigation that the basic sexual arousal cycle is (the same/different) for men and women. 11
the Same
According to one theory of influences on sexual orientation, girls exposed to excessive testoterone in the womb develop _______ brains, and boys exposed to too little testosterone develop _______ brains. 11
Masculinized / Feminized
Physical nearness, or _______, affords the opportunity for relationship formation. 11
Proximity
We’re often attracted to people with who we have high levels of _______, or things in common. 11
Similarity
For a relationship to move to deeper levels, the rule of give and take, or _______, is often crucial. 11
Reciprocity
According to Buss, across cultures, (men/women) attach more importance to physical attractiveness. 11
Men
Across vastly different cultures, men and women tend to (agree/disagree) on whom they find physically attractive. 11
Agree
Average faces are rated as (less/more) attractive than distinctive or exotic faces. 11
More
_______ love can be a mix of delirious happiness when we’re near the object of our desire, and misery when separated from it. 11
Passionate
A relationship marked by a sense of deep friendship and fondness for our partner is called _______ _______.11
Companionate Love
Using Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, complete this figure by identifying the three major elements of love (forming the points of the triangle). According to Sternberg, what is the ultimate form of love? 11
a.
d.
b. c.
a. Intimacy
d. consummate love
b. passion c. commitment
Fear causes our digestive systems to _______. 11
Slow
Fear is relatively specific to what brain part? 11
Amygdala.
Anger causes our digestive systems to _______. 11
Speed Up (Stomach churns)
Disgust is relatively specific to what brain part? 11
Insula (area within Limbic System)
Anger is relatively specific to what brain part? 11
Behind the Eyes in the Frontal Cortex
