13: Sacral SD

Question 1

How to palpate the sacral sulcus

Answer 1

Find PSIS bilaterally with thumbs -> move thumbs medial and inferior

Question 2

What is a positive BBT/Sphinx test?

Answer 2

Sacral sulcus is asymmetrical, or asymmetry is worse with movement

Question 3

A positive lumbar spring test

Answer 3

Exerting pressure towards the lumbar region -> lumbar region does not move well into extension

Question 4

How to do the oblique passive motion test

Answer 4

Place finger at sacral sulcus + heel of opposite hand at contralateral ILA -> apply anterior pressure at ILA while monitoring the anterior sulcus to observe oblique axis of motion

Question 5

What way should L5 be rotated compared to the sacrum?

Answer 5

In the opposite direction, for balance

Question 6

L5 uncompensated

Answer 6

If rotation of L5 is in the same direction of the sacrum

Question 7

Flexed vs extended sacrum in terms of Type I and II dysfunctions

Answer 7

Flexed sacrum: neutral L5 -> type I SD

Extended sacrum: non-neutral L5 -> type II SD

Question 8

What line are the superior and middle transverse axes of the sacrum on?

Answer 8

Superior axis: S2 posteriorly

Middle transverse axis: S2 anteriorly

Question 9

Axis for three types of sacral SDs

Answer 9

1. Unilateral: vertical axis
2. Bilateral: middle transverse axis
3. Torsion: an oblique axis

Question 10

Flexed vs extended torsions

Answer 10

Flexed: L on L / R on R
Extended: L on R / R on L