13 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY AND URINALYSIS Flashcards
The parts or a part of a routine urinalysis are (is):
a. Physical
b. Chemical
c. Microscopic
d. All the above
d. All the above
The formation of urine begins in the:
a. Nephron
b. Glomerulus
c. Ureter
d. Bladder
b. Glomerulus
What is the principal end product of protein metabolism in the urine?
a. Uric acid
b. Creatinine
c. Glucose
d. Urea
d. Urea
Which of the following is true about the first morning urine specimen?
a. It contains high levels of analytes and cellular elements.
b. It is preferred for culture and sensitivity testing.
c. It is used for substances affected by diurnal variation.
d. It is the most common type of specimen collected.
a. It contains high levels of analytes and cellular elements.
After collection with no gross alterations, how long can urine can be refrigerated?
a. 2 to 4 hours
b. 4 to 6 hours
c. 6 to 8 hours
d. 8 to 10 hours
c. 6 to 8 hours
Which of the following is the preservative that allows urine to be kept at room temperature with results comparable to refrigeration?
a. Hydrochloric acid
b. Boric acid
c. Toluene
d. All the above
d. All the above
Anuria is:
a. Any increase in urine volume, even temporary
b. Complete absence of urine formation
c. Consistent elimination of 2000mL urine per 24 hours
d. Excretion of 500mL urine per 24 hours
b. Complete absence of urine formation
Anuria is:
a. Any increase in urine volume, even temporary
b. Complete absence of urine formation
c. Consistent elimination of 2000mL urine per 24 hours
d. Excretion of 500mL urine per 24 hours
a. Any increase in urine volume, even temporary
Polyuria is:
a. Any increase in urine volume, even temporary
b. Complete absence of urine formation
c. Consistent elimination of 2000mL urine per 24 hours
d. Excretion of 500mL urine per 24 hours
c. Consistent elimination of 2000mL urine per 24 hours
A urine specimen with a strong ammonia odor is most often the result of:
a. Breakdown of urea by bacteria
b. The presence of higher quantities of acetone
c. Ingestion of certain foodstuffs
d. Urinary tract infection in an older specimen
a. Breakdown of urea by bacteria
If the kidney has completely lost the ability to concentrate or dilute urine, the specific gravity will remain at:
a. 1.000
b. 1.005
c. 1.010
d. 1.035
c. 1.010
When urine decomposes, the pH:
a. Becomes more alkaline
b. Becomes more acidic
c. Does not change
d. Causes crystals associated with acidic urine to form
a. Becomes more alkaline
Urine pH is:
a. An indicator of proteinuria
b. Helpful in the identification of some types of crystals in the urine
c. Unaffected by diet
d. Unchanged for each individual
b. Helpful in the identification of some types of crystals in the urine
Detection of which of the following urine constituents is most helpful in the detection and diagnosis of renal disease?
a. Blood
b. Leukocyte esterase
c. Nitrite
d. Protein
d. Protein
Which of the following is correct regarding the presence of albumin in urine?
a. It is associated with γ-globulinopathies such as multiple myeloma.
b. It may be seen in urine as the result of intravascular hemolysis.
c. Molecule is generally too large to be filtered through the glomerulus.
d. It is the protein most often associated with glomerular damage.
d. It is the protein most often associated with glomerular damage.
Which of the following is correct regarding the presence of globulin in urine?
a. It is associated with γ-globulinopathies such as multiple myeloma.
b. It may be seen in urine as the result of intravascular hemolysis.
c. Molecule is generally too large to be filtered through the glomerulus.
d. It is the protein most often associated with glomerular damage
c. Molecule is generally too large to be filtered through the glomerulus.
Which of the following is correct regarding light-chain immunoglobulins (Bence Jones protein)?
a. It is associated with γ-globulinopathies such as multiple myeloma.
b. It may be seen in urine as the result of intravascular hemolysis.
c. Molecule is generally too large to be filtered through the glomerulus.
d. It is the protein most often associated with glomerular damage.
a. It is associated with γ-globulinopathies such as multiple myeloma.
The reagent strip test for protein is more sensitive to which of the following than to other proteins?
a. Albumin
b. Hemoglobin
c. Light-chain immunoglobulins
d. Both a and b
a. Albumin
Which of the following is not detected by the reagent strip test for blood?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Hemosiderin
c. Myoglobin
d. Red blood cells
b. Hemosiderin
Reagent strip tests that depend on the release of oxygen and subsequent oxidation of a chromogen, resulting in a color change, are subject to false negative reactions because of the presence of:
a. Ascorbic acid (<25mg/dL)
b. Azo-containing drugs or compounds
c. Chlorine bleach
d. Low specific gravity
a. Ascorbic acid (<25mg/dL)
Dipstick tests for nitrite tend to be:
a. Positive when large numbers of gram-positive bacteria are present
b. Positive when large numbers of gram-negative bacteria are present
c. Negative in the presence of a urinary tract infection
d. Falsely positive in the presence of a urinary tract infection
b. Positive when large numbers of gram-negative bacteria are present
Reagent strip tests for urinary leukocyte esterase are most useful in the detection of:
a. Immunosuppression
b. Malignancy
c. Renal transplant rejection
d. Urinary tract infection
d. Urinary tract infection
Reagent strip tests for urinary leukocyte esterase are most useful when results are evaluated together with the results for the reagent strip test for:
a. Blood
b. Nitrite
c. Protein
d. Specific gravity
b. Nitrite
A positive reagent strip test for glucose is most often associated with which of the following conditions?
a. Anorexia nervosa
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Starvation
c. Diabetes mellitus
