11 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY Flashcards
The blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen are:
a. Erythrocytes
b. Leukocytes
c. Thrombocytes
d. Either a or b
a. Erythrocytes
When seen on a Wright-stained peripheral blood film, a young red cell that has just extruded its nucleus is referred to as a:
a. Normoblast (metarubricyte)
b. Orthochromatic cell
c. Polychromatophilic cell
d. Reticulocyte
c. Polychromatophilic cell
The approximate life span in peripheral blood of a red blood cell is:
a. Months to years
b. 120 days
c. 1 to 3 days
d. About 10 hours
e. Less than 8 hours
b. 120 days
Which of the following is essential to the oxygen-carrying capacity of a molecule of hemoglobin?
a. Globin
b. Heme
c. Iron
d. None of the above
c. Iron
A hemoglobin variant resulting in sickle cell anemia in the homozygous state is:
a. Hemoglobin A
b. Hemoglobin C
c. Hemoglobin F
d. Hemoglobin S
d. Hemoglobin S
The principal form of hemoglobin found in the blood of normal adults is:
a. Hemoglobin A
b. Hemoglobin C
c. Hemoglobin F
d. Hemoglobin S
a. Hemoglobin A
The principal form of hemoglobin during intrauterine life and at birth is:
a. Hemoglobin A
b. Hemoglobin C
c. Hemoglobin F
d. Hemoglobin S
c. Hemoglobin F
An irreversible combination of hemoglobin with a sulfa group, incapable of transporting oxygen or reverting to functional hemoglobin, is:
a. Carboxyhemoglobin
b. Hemiglobincyanide (cyanmethemoglobin)
c. Methemoglobin
d. Sulfhemoglobin
d. Sulfhemoglobin
Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide with an affinity 100 times that of oxygen is:
a. Carboxyhemoglobin
b. Hemiglobincyanide (cyanmethemoglobin)
c. Methemoglobin
d. Oxyhemoglobin
a. Carboxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin containing iron in a ferric, rather than a ferrous, state is:
a. Methemoglobin
b. Oxyhemoglobin
c. Reduced hemoglobin
d. Sulfhemoglobin
a. Methemoglobin
The form of hemoglobin that normally transports carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs is:
a. Carboxyhemoglobin
b. Methemoglobin
c. Oxyhemoglobin
d. Reduced hemoglobin
d. Reduced hemoglobin
The form of hemoglobin that normally transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues is:
a. Carboxyhemoglobin
b. Methemoglobin
c. Oxyhemoglobin
d. Reduced hemoglobin
c. Oxyhemoglobin
The MCV (SI) units of measurement are:
a. Femtoliters (fL)
b. Picograms (pg)
c. Grams per deciliter (g/dL)
d. Percent (%)
a. Femtoliters (fL)
The MCH (SI) units of measurement are:
a. Femtoliters (fL)
b. Picograms (pg)
c. Grams per deciliter (g/dL)
d. Percent (%)
b. Picograms (pg)
The MCHC (SI) units of measurement are:
a. Femtoliters (fL)
b. Picograms (pg)
c. Grams per deciliter (g/dL)
d. Percent (%)
c. Grams per deciliter (g/dL)
The approximate life span in peripheral blood of a mature, inactivated B lymphocyte is:
a. Months to years
b. 120 days
c. 1 to 3 days
d. About 10 hours
a. Months to years
The approximate life span in peripheral blood of a neutrophil (PMN) is:
a. 120 days
b. 1 to 3 days
c. About 10 hours
d. Less than 8 hours
c. About 10 hours
Which of the following cells is lymphoid in nature?
a. B cells
b. Basophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Neutrophils
a. B cells
The anticoagulant of choice for a complete blood count (CBC) is:
a. EDTA
b. Heparin
c. Sodium citrate
d. Oxalate
a. EDTA
The use of daily hemoglobin control solution with automated equipment will detect which of the following?
a. Accuracy of the measuring device used
b. Deterioration of the hemoglobin reagent
c. Technical skill of the technologist
d. Both a and b
d. Both a and b
What is the unit of measurement for hematocrit (conventional)?
a. Cells×10^9 per liter
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
c. Grams per deciliter
d. Liters per liter
e. Percent
d. Liters per liter
What is the unit of measurement for hemoglobin?
a. Cells×10^9 per liter
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
c. Grams per deciliter
d. Liters per liter
e. Percent
c. Grams per deciliter
What is the unit of measurement for packed cell volume (SI units)?
a. Cells×10^9 per liter
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
c. Grams per deciliter
d. Liters per liter
e. Percent
e. Percent
What is the unit of measurement for platelet count?
a. Cells×10^9 per liter
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
c. Grams per deciliter
d. Liters per liter
e. Percent
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
What is the unit of measurement for red cell count?
a. Cells×10^9 per liter
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
c. Grams per deciliter
d. Liters per liter
e. Percent
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
What is the unit of measurement for white cell count?
a. Cells×10^9 per liter
b. Cells×10^12 per liter
c. Grams per deciliter
d. Liters per liter
e. Percent
a. Cells×10^9 per liter
Assuming normochromic and normocytic red cells, a blood sample with a hemoglobin of 15 g/dL would be expected to show a hematocrit of:
a. 25%
b. 35%
c. 45%
d. 55%
c. 45%
Hemoglobin concentration or color of the average RBC:
a. MCH
b. MCHC
c. MCV
d. RDW
a. MCH
Measure of the degree of RBC size variability:
a. MCH
b. MCHC
c. MCV
d. RDW
d. RDW
Volume or size of the average RBC:
a. MCH
b. MCHC
c. MCV
d. RDW
c. MCV
Average concentration of hemoglobin in a given RBC volume:
a. MCH
b. MCHC
c. MCV
d. RDW
b. MCHC
Which of the following hematologic tests may not be part of the usual complete blood count?
a. Hematocrit
b. Hemoglobin
c. Platelet estimate
d. Reticulocyte count
d. Reticulocyte count
Which of the following is a nonspecific screening test for inflammation?
a. Erythrocyte morphology
b. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
c. Leukocyte morphology and differential
d. Platelet count
b. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate the response to therapy in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?
a. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
b. Leukocyte morphology and differential
c. Platelet count
d. Reticulocyte count
d. Reticulocyte count
Which of the following stains is classified as a Romanowsky stain?
a. Brilliant cresyl blue
b. New methylene blue
c. Wright-Giemsa
d. Prussian blue
c. Wright-Giemsa
For blood films stained with polychrome Romanowsky-type stain, identify the dye component for the following cell components.
Azurophilic granules:
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
b. Basophilic (methylene blue)
c. Acidophilic (eosin) and basophilic (methylene blue)
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
For blood films stained with polychrome Romanowsky-type stain, identify the dye component for the following cell components.
Cytoplasmic RNA:
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
b. Basophilic (methylene blue)
c. Acidophilic (eosin) and basophilic (methylene blue)
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
For blood films stained with polychrome Romanowsky-type stain, identify the dye component for the following cell components.
Eosinophilic granules:
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
b. Basophilic (methylene blue)
c. Acidophilic (eosin) and basophilic (methylene blue)
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
For blood films stained with polychrome Romanowsky-type stain, identify the dye component for the following cell components.
Hemoglobin:
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
b. Basophilic (methylene blue)
c. Acidophilic (eosin) and basophilic (methylene blue)
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
For blood films stained with polychrome Romanowsky-type stain, identify the dye component for the following cell components.
Neutrophilic granules:
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
b. Basophilic (methylene blue)
c. Acidophilic (eosin) and basophilic (methylene blue)
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
c. Acidophilic (eosin) and basophilic (methylene blue)
For blood films stained with polychrome Romanowsky-type stain, identify the dye component for the following cell components.
Nuclear DNA:
a. Acidophilic (eosin)
b. Basophilic (methylene blue)
c. Acidophilic (eosin) and basophilic (methylene blue)
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
d. Methylene azure (polychrome methylene blue
What is the most probable cause of faded or washed-out appearance of all cells?
a. Improper washing or old stain
b. Overfixing, overstaining, underwashing; too-alkaline stain or buffer, or too-thick blood film
c. Overwashing, understaining, underfixing
d. Understaining, overwashing; too-acid stain, buffer, or water
c. Overwashing, understaining, underfixing
What is the most probable cause of the gross appearance of slide being excessively blue, with blue-red erythrocytes and dark, granular leukocytes?
a. Improper washing or old stain
b. Overfixing, overstaining, underwashing; too-alkaline stain or buffer, or too-thick blood film
c. Overwashing, understaining, underfixing
d. Understaining, overwashing; too-acid stain, buffer, or water
b. Overfixing, overstaining, underwashing; too-alkaline stain or buffer, or too-thick blood film
What is the most probable cause of the gross appearance of slide being excessively red with bright-red erythrocytes, pale-blue white cell, and brilliant-red eosinophilic granules?
a. Improper washing or old stain
b. Overfixing, overstaining, underwashing; too-alkaline stain or buffer, or too-thick blood film
c. Overwashing, understaining, underfixing
d. Understaining, overwashing; too-acid stain, buffer, or water
d. Understaining, overwashing; too-acid stain, buffer, or water
What is the most probable cause of large amounts of precipitated stain?
a. Improper washing or old stain
b. Overfixing, overstaining, underwashing; too-alkaline stain or buffer, or too-thick blood film
c. Overwashing, understaining, underfixing
d. Understaining, overwashing; too-acid stain, buffer, or water
a. Improper washing or old stain
Identify the morphologic type for the
following causes or descriptions of anemia.
Acute blood loss (trauma):
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
b. Macrocytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
d. Microcytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
Identify the morphologic type for the
following causes or descriptions of anemia.
Anemia associated with increased plasma volume (pregnancy and overhydration):
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
b. Macrocytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
d. Microcytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
Identify the morphologic type for the
following causes or descriptions of anemia.
Anemia associated with aplastic anemia from bone marrow suppression:
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
b. Macrocytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
d. Microcytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
Identify the morphologic type for the
following causes or descriptions of anemia.
Anemia associated with iron deficiency caused by diet or blood loss:
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
b. Macrocytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
d. Microcytic
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
Identify the morphologic type for the
following causes or descriptions of anemia.
Anemia associated with thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies:
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
b. Macrocytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
d. Microcytic
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
Identify the morphologic type for the
following causes or descriptions of anemia.
Anemia associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency:
a. Hypochromic-microcytic
b. Macrocytic
c. Normochromic-normocytic
d. Microcytic
b. Macrocytic
What is the term for erythrocytes that show normal color or staining reaction?
a. Normochromic
b. Normocytic
c. Orthochromatic
d. Polychromatophilic
a. Normochromic
What is an increased variation in size of erythrocytes on the blood film?
a. Anisocytosis
b. Microcytosis
c. Macrocytosis
d. Poikilocytosis
a. Anisocytosis
What is an increased variation in the shape of erythrocytes on the blood film?
a. Anisocytosis
b. Microcytosis
c. Orthochromia
d. Poikilocytosis
d. Poikilocytosis
The presence of anisocytosis and poikilocytosis is reflected in which of the following red cell indices?
a. MCV
b. MCH
c. MCHC
d. RDW
d. RDW
The presence of polychromasia on a Wright-stained peripheral blood film is associated with which of the following untreated anemias?
a. Aplastic anemia
b. Hemolytic anemia
c. Iron deficiency anemia
d. Megaloblastic anemia
b. Hemolytic anemia
Which of the following leukemias is most frequently associated with the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
a. Acute lymphocytic
b. Acute myelogenous
c. Chronic lymphocytic
d. Chronic myelogenous
d. Chronic myelogenous
Which of the following types of leukemia is most associated with children ages 2 to 10 years?
a. Acute lymphoblastic
b. Acute myelogenous
c. Chronic lymphocytic
d. Chronic myelogenous
a. Acute lymphoblastic
The presence of Auer rods in the peripheral blood is associated with which of the following cells?
a. Lymphoblast
b. Myeloblast
c. Reactive lymphocyte
d. Shift cell
b. Myeloblast
A white blood cell (WBC) count and WBC differential are performed. WBC count: 7.0×10^9/L; of 100 WBCs classified: 70% neutrophils, 20% lymphocytes, 7% monocytes, 2% eosinophils, and 1% basophil. The absolute neutrophil cell count is:
a. 2.10×10^9/L
b. 3.55×10^9/L
c. 3.99×10^9/L
d. 4.9×10^9/L
d. 4.9×10^9/L
A patient being treated for metastatic carcinoma was found to have a white cell count of 5×10^9/L with 5 metarubricytes (nucleated red cells) per 100 white WBCs. What is the corrected white cell count for this patient?
a. 2.1×10^9/L
b. 2.4×10^9/L
c. 4.8×10^9/L
d. 5.2×10^9/L
c. 4.8×10^9/L
