13 Landing

Question 1

What is Vref?

Answer 1

Vref is the Landing Reference Speed

Question 2

What is Vref for:

• Class B
• Class A

Answer 2

Vref must not be slower than the greater of:

Class B: Vmca and 1.3 x Vso

Class A: Vmca and 1.23 x Vsro

Question 3

What are the decelerating forces in the Landing?

Answer 3

• Wheel Braking
• Aerodynamic Drag
• Reverse Thrust

Question 4

How much will a landing be increased by if the Anti-Skid system fails?

Answer 4

80%

Question 5

Why is Aerodynamic drag the least significant deceleration force in the Landing?

Answer 5

• Induced drag is negligible once the nose wheel touches down
• Parasite drag is minimal due to the slow speeds

Question 6

What is the effect of increasing Mass on the Landing Distance and why?

Answer 6

• Increased Mass increases Landing distance
• Increased stall speeds and therefore a faster touchdown speed
• Slower Deceleration

Question 7

What is the effect of Low Air Density (hot and high) air fields on the Landing Distance?

Answer 7

• Landing Distance is increased
• Vref is a CAS
• Low density and high TAS means faster ground speed
• Faster ground speed means longer landing distance

Question 8

What is the effect of wind on the Landing Distance:

• Headwind
• Tailwind

Answer 8

• Headwind reduces Landing Distance by reducing ground speed

- Tailwind increases Landing Distance by increasing ground speed

Question 9

What percentage of the dry landing distance should be used on a wet runway?

Answer 9

115%

Question 10

What effect does the runway slope have on the Landing Distance and how does this effect:

• Class B
• Class A

Answer 10

• Up sloped runway reduces Landing Distance
• Down sloped runway increases Landing Distance
• Class B only factors for down sloped runways
• Class A only factors for slopes above 2%

Question 11

What are the safety factors which must be applied to Landing Distances for:

• Class A
• Class B

Answer 11

• Class A: LD <= 0.6 LDA

- Class B: LD <= 0.7 LDA