1.3: Factors that affect foreign trade Flashcards
Who where the first people that apportioned their resources and governed their communities in a way that promoted sustainability for future generations?
- First Nations
- Inut
- Metis
How was the trading initially in Canada?
People were trading goods and provided each other with stuff they needed to survive. It was like a gift giving
Who were one of the first Indigenous nations to encounter Europeans and engage in trade?
Mi’kmaq
Where did Mi’kmaq lived?
On the coast during the warmer months and inland during the cooler ones
What was Mi’kmaw based on?
Fish and local game
The Mi’kmaq has close ties and trade relationships with other Mi’kmaq communities and members of the
Wabanaki Confederacy – the Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, and the Abenaki
Nisga’a whose traditional territory is in the
Nass River valley northeast (Prince Rupert in British Columbia) developed a trading system along
What were the Nisga’a main products were?
Fish products as well as the eulachan( which is a small type of fish like the smelt) and the oolichan grease
These were traded for staples and furs
Where are the homelands for Haudenosaunee ?
Ontario
Quebec
New York
What did Haudenosaunee traded for?
With their territories using tobacco staples such as corn, beans and squash (three sisters) furs and quahog shells to make wampum (beads used for ornaments, ceremony and commerce)
How were the Metis families economies divided?
Metis both included immediate and extended families and could change due to food resources.
Families could live in multiple tents, tipis and other of lodging
What did the Metis economic activities?
Fur trade
Trapping
Farming
Where were the Metis farms located?
Around fur trade posts during the 16th to 17th century
Where were the Metis traditional farms?
in the Prairies were along river-banks.
Metis traded their yields especially grain with the
Hudson’s Bay Company or with local families
Inuit families moved frequentrly across the
Arctic and Northern regions to hunt and fish in order to sustain themselves.
In ___________ and ___________ Inuit families would move inland based on the winter migration of the caribou herds
Nunatsiavut (Labrador) and Nunavik (Quebec)
Where did Inuit families during Arctic regions?
Inland year to round to follow the caribou herds.
Inuit people were egalitarian. What does egalitarian mean?
ll people were equal and deserved equal rights and opportunities. Though the Inuit society was built on egalitarian values, men’s decision making was primarily based on matters outside of the home, while women’s decision making resided inside the home.
What did the Inuit trade?
Copper iron animal hides and soapstone between the Inupiat, Inuvialuit, and Inuinnait.
Who were the two companies in competition with fur?
The French Italic text startCompagnie du Nord-OuestItalic text End and the Hudson’s Bay Company
How did the Huson’s May Company moved away from the trade?
moved away from trade using ships and camps and instead focused on permanent trading posts in Canada. This means that they are in continuous need for the Indigenous people
Who created an extensive hunting distribution network across Canada?
Cree, they also provided the Europeans with beaver pelts in exchange for blankets rifles and other goods
What was the barter system?
Pelts were exchanged for goods that Indigenous pople deemed necessary such as flour, guns and products made of metals.
How did the HBC expanded?
The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 meant the HBC territory was now British territory
In the 1700s, settlers began creating permanent communities near waterways where there was easy access to ships coming from and going back to Europe. These settlements eventually became cities:
Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Ottawa, and Toronto.
By ______, The HBC merged with the Compagnie du Nord-Ouest which not only expanded their territory, but ended competition with the French.
1821
When was the wage-labor system introduced?
1821
As over-trapping became increasingly evident, Indigenous peoples became
less equal partners in trade
Why there were treaties?
Because survival became difficult for Indigenous people and some First Nations and Métis communities were forced to make treaties.
Treaties were made between
First Nations (as Métis were later excluded from the treaty-making process) and the British Crown, and later Canada,
What happened after the treaties?
The Crown used the lands of Indigenous peoples
The Crown provided reserves, payments, clothing, weapons, farming equipment and medicines, along with other elements in exchange for land
The Treaties began as ways to promote peace in Canada and in _______ were recognized and affirmed within the _____________.
1982/Constitution Act
What caused the growth of industry in the US?
Technologies such as the steam engine and the cotton gin
What did Canada supply the US with and what did it recieve?
It gave raw materials such as timber and wheat and Canada obtained goods such as cotton and textiles
When did Japan begin to trade with Canada?
After world war II, because Japan became a world leader in high quality electronics
Which other Asian countries Canada trades with?
China, South Korea, Indonesia and India
When did Canada sign the North American Free Trade Agreement with the United States and Mexico?
1993
What were the biggest imports from Mexico?
are machinery, vehicles, and furniture.
What were the countries Canada had trade with from the Middle East
Egypt, UAE, and Palestine
Palestine’s businesses ship were over $2 billion worth of
diamonds and shoes
What did South Africa export to CAN?
gold, platinum, wine, and oranges
What did CAN export to South Africa?
close to a billion dollars a year
John Cabot first landed in Canada in __________ .
1497
What is an economic system?
is a set of practices and laws that determine how a society uses its resources to satisfy its people’s wants and needs.
What are the three types of Economic systems?
- Pure command
- Mixed
- Pure Market
What is the pure command?
Is a system where the government owns the natural resources, farms, factories, and most businesses. It controls all economic decisions and controls the flow of goods and services. Its not practiced fully anywhere but shibh in Soviet Union
Advantages for pure command?
Full unemployment
Stable society
Income equality
Disadvantages of Pure command?
- Restriction of freedoms
- Lack of competition resulting in:
inefficiency
lack of innovation
little motivation for hard work
What is pure market economy
At the other end of the economic spectrum is apure market economy (also called free enterprise, private enterprise, or capitalism). In this system, business has the freedom to decide what it will produce, how much to produce, and what to charge for the goods produced. And example is the US
Advantages of Pure market economy
High competition resulting in:
better consumer selection
keeping the lid on prices
high-quality products
efficiency
Disadvantages of pure market?
income inequality (large gaps between rich and poor)
unemployment
What is a mixed economy?
In Canada, we enjoy a mixed economic system, and so do most countries in the world. A Bold text startmixed economy Bold text Endhas features of both the command and market economic systems. Businesses are privately owned, but the government has a large say in how business, and the economy in general, function. The main purpose of government regulation is to protect both consumers and businesses.
Advantages of mixed economy?
- Consumer and business protection
- Basic social services for all
- Individual incentive encouraged
- Less inequality of income than in a pure market system because of government intervention
- Larger government role (than in a pure market system) means priority areas like technology and defence can be quickly mobilized
Disadvantages of mixed economy?
If a mixed economy leans too far towards a command or market economy, it can reflect the disadvantages of those systems.
What is Democracy?
Democratic societies include Canada, the United States, and the countries in the European Union. Free and fair elections, free speech, rule of law, and freedom of religion are characteristics of a democracy. In a democracy, all citizens have the right to govern themselves and the right to an education.
What is an autocracy?
An autocracy, on the other hand, is ruled by a single person or small group. There is often a strong military presence to ensure the ruler stays in control, as well as censorship and a lack of personal freedoms. North Korea and Cuba are examples of autocratic societies.
What are the three geography and international trade concerns?
- Enviromental instability
- Absence of natural resources
- Inhospitable climate
What is the difference between democratic and autocratic political systems?
In a democratic political system, all members of a society take part in governing themselves. This is considered a free system. An autocratic system is ruled by a single person or small group. There is often a strong military presence to ensure the ruler stays in control.
