13. Collectivisation & Industrialisation

Question 1

What was Stalin’s slogan when he came in power?

Answer 1

Socialism in one country

Question 2

What did his slogan mean?

Answer 2

The building of a powerful, modern, socialist state.

Question 3

Stalin abandoned the NEP but what did he introduce instead?

Answer 3

A series of five year plans.

Question 4

What was the main focus of the five year plans?

Answer 4

Turning the Soviet Union into a giant industrial power. However agriculture also needed to be modernized.

Question 5

What would be the consequences of modernizing agriculture?(2)

Answer 5

• More food could be produced for export in order to buy the necessary imported technology for industrial development.
• Peasants could leave farms and work in factories

Question 6

What was the aim of collectivization?

Answer 6

Increase agricultural production

Question 7

What is collectivization?

Answer 7

The ownership of land and the means of production by the people or the state.

Question 8

How thisnsytem or collectivization work?

Answer 8

Instead of peasants producing enough to feed their own families, as they had done in the past, now food production would be organized and planned by the state.

Question 9

As a result of collectivization the state would provide ______ and ______.

Answer 9

Healthcare

Schools

Question 10

Many small peasant farms were merged into huge government-controlled ______ farms, which used ______ and modern farming methods. Most peasants did not support _____, so collectivization was a way for the government to have more control over them.

Answer 10

Collective
Machinery
Communism

Question 11

Were the peasants pleased with collectivization?

Answer 11

Resisted collectivization. They didn’t want to give up their land or crops so they killed them instead.

Question 12

Who resisted collectivization the most?

Answer 12

Kulaks and Stalin then decided to get rid of them. And between five and ten million were deported to remote regions in Siberia and the Russian Arctic regions.

Question 13

During 1932 and 1933, millions more peasants died from hunger when their _____ was taken from them by force. Stalin used the _____ to force peasants to submit to government control, by refusing to give ______ to areas which opposed government policies.

Answer 13

Produce
Famine
Aid

Question 14

In spite of resistance, by 1935 ___% Of farmland had been organized into _______ farms.

Answer 14

90

Collective

Question 15

When did agricultural productions levels recover?

Answer 15

Mid-1950’s

Question 16

What was the main focus of Stalin’s economic policy?

Answer 16

Industrialization

Question 17

What did the first two five year plans between 1928-1937 transform the economy into?

Answer 17

Modern and industrialsed state.

Question 18

Heavy industries like ______,_____ and ______, ______, _______ and ______ increased dramatically.

Answer 18

Coal mining
Iron and steel
Electricity
Oil and machinery

Question 19

Over a hundred new industrial towns were built such as ______, were built.

Answer 19

Magnitogorsk

Question 20

What was built in the south?(4)

Answer 20

New roads
Railways
Canals
Oil wells

Question 21

An industrial economy needed a skilled workforce, so thousands of _____ were built. Adult literacy classes reduced illiteracy from ___ Of the population in 1924 to _____ In 1939.

Answer 21

Schools
50%
20%

Question 22

Despite its remarkable achievements what were some of the problems with the first five year plan?(5)

Answer 22

• quality of many goods was poor
• productivity was low
• shortage of people with necessary skills
• forced labour where workers world in dangerous conditions and casualty rates were high

Question 23

Were Stalin’s economic policies successful?

Answer 23

Transformed the Soviet Union into one of the world’s leading industrial powers.

Question 24

What did the ussr’s economic success allow for?

Answer 24

Withstand Germany during WW2 and to emerge as one of the world’s two superpowers after the war.

Question 25

The fiver year plans were therefore highly successful, although they were achieved through great ______ and ______ on part of the population.

Answer 25

Sacrifice

Suffering