13. Collectivisation & Industrialisation Flashcards
What was Stalin’s slogan when he came in power?
Socialism in one country
What did his slogan mean?
The building of a powerful, modern, socialist state.
Stalin abandoned the NEP but what did he introduce instead?
A series of five year plans.
What was the main focus of the five year plans?
Turning the Soviet Union into a giant industrial power. However agriculture also needed to be modernized.
What would be the consequences of modernizing agriculture?(2)
- More food could be produced for export in order to buy the necessary imported technology for industrial development.
- Peasants could leave farms and work in factories
What was the aim of collectivization?
Increase agricultural production
What is collectivization?
The ownership of land and the means of production by the people or the state.
How thisnsytem or collectivization work?
Instead of peasants producing enough to feed their own families, as they had done in the past, now food production would be organized and planned by the state.
As a result of collectivization the state would provide ______ and ______.
Healthcare
Schools
Many small peasant farms were merged into huge government-controlled ______ farms, which used ______ and modern farming methods. Most peasants did not support _____, so collectivization was a way for the government to have more control over them.
Collective
Machinery
Communism
Were the peasants pleased with collectivization?
Resisted collectivization. They didn’t want to give up their land or crops so they killed them instead.
Who resisted collectivization the most?
Kulaks and Stalin then decided to get rid of them. And between five and ten million were deported to remote regions in Siberia and the Russian Arctic regions.
During 1932 and 1933, millions more peasants died from hunger when their _____ was taken from them by force. Stalin used the _____ to force peasants to submit to government control, by refusing to give ______ to areas which opposed government policies.
Produce
Famine
Aid
In spite of resistance, by 1935 ___% Of farmland had been organized into _______ farms.
90
Collective
When did agricultural productions levels recover?
Mid-1950’s
What was the main focus of Stalin’s economic policy?
Industrialization
What did the first two five year plans between 1928-1937 transform the economy into?
Modern and industrialsed state.
Heavy industries like ______,_____ and ______, ______, _______ and ______ increased dramatically.
Coal mining
Iron and steel
Electricity
Oil and machinery
Over a hundred new industrial towns were built such as ______, were built.
Magnitogorsk
What was built in the south?(4)
New roads
Railways
Canals
Oil wells
An industrial economy needed a skilled workforce, so thousands of _____ were built. Adult literacy classes reduced illiteracy from ___ Of the population in 1924 to _____ In 1939.
Schools
50%
20%
Despite its remarkable achievements what were some of the problems with the first five year plan?(5)
- quality of many goods was poor
- productivity was low
- shortage of people with necessary skills
- forced labour where workers world in dangerous conditions and casualty rates were high
Were Stalin’s economic policies successful?
Transformed the Soviet Union into one of the world’s leading industrial powers.
What did the ussr’s economic success allow for?
Withstand Germany during WW2 and to emerge as one of the world’s two superpowers after the war.
The fiver year plans were therefore highly successful, although they were achieved through great ______ and ______ on part of the population.
Sacrifice
Suffering
