1.3 Challenges To The Religeous Settlement Flashcards
When was the big challenge from the bishops in the CoE
1560s
What was the issue with the crusifix and vestment contriversy?
It was a direct challenge of authority
Why were crusifixes an issue
Mary wanted the for catholics but the bishops threatened to resign so she backed down
What issue was there is 1565
Priests were not wearing the correct clothes
How was the vestment contriversy resolved
In 1566 the archbishop of canterbury (mathew parker) wrote the book of advertisments saying which vestments to wear and when. A demonstration was held where of 110 invited 37 refused to go and lost their jobs. In the end most priests consented.
How did the Catholic Curch try to stop protestanism
Fighting and war against protestants was encouraged. This was the counter-reformation. In 1566 the pope told catholics to not attend CoE services
How did Elizabeth react to repete actions against the settlement?
Softly to not make martyrs and resulted in a stable first decade as queen
What proportion of nobility were recusants
1/3
Why were ancient families against the queen
They prospered under Mary I and lost power under Elizabeth so resented her and her favourites such as Dudely, Cecil and the Earl of Leicester
When did the Revolt of the Norther Earls begin
1569 with the Earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland
Which Cathedral was taken in the Revolt of the Northern Earls
Durham Cathedral was taken and used for a full Catholic mass
Where did the Earls march
They marched South on the 22nd of November where the Duke of Norfolk joined who was the most senior noble and a distant cousin of the queen
When did the Earls retreat
24th November 1969
How was the Revolt of Northern Earls settled?
It was settled by troops of the Earl of Susset and the queen made an example by executing 100s of rebels across Northern towns and cities. This greatly angered Catholics and only got worse in the 1570s
What was beginning to happen in Europe?
Protestanism was growing and the commn enemy may have united the main Catholic powers of the Spanish, Austrian and Roman empires
When was the religeous war in France?
1562
Why did the French religeous war worry Elizabeth?
It had a risk of sparking a religeous war in England as tensions were high due to the dutch revolt. She wrote to Philip II as to how ‘troubled and perplexed’ she was
Why did Elizabeth wish to help French protestants
It was in hope for Calais’ return in 1562. This act annoyed Philip but it failed later that year when peace was made. The treaty of Froyes was later signed by Elizabeth stating Calais fully belonged to France.
What did Elizabeth do in Scotland and France which annoyed Philip?
She helped protestant rebels
What trade bannes occoured in 1563
Philip banned English cloth imports to prevent merchents encouraging protestanism and in retaliation Elizabeth stopped all trade with the Netherlands. These bannes only lasted a year as it damaged the economies
Why did Elizabeth fear a Spain/France alliance
The pope tried to use the countries to kill her father (Henry VIII) in an invasion when he was excommunicated in the 1530s
Why were the Netherlands irritated by spain?
The Netherlands usualy governed themselves however since the 1550 spain had became more involed in the way their country was governed
What instigated the Dutch Revolt
Philip reorginsed their government and introduce the inquisition which united the protestants and catholics against spain in 1566.
How was the dutch revolt solved?
The Duke of Alba marched in with an army of 10000 in 1566 and ended the revolt by 1568
Why was Alba’s army such a big threat?
It was very close to England and it was believed that Philip wanted to completely stamp out protestanism so it risked invasion
What was Alba’s Council of Troubles in the Netherlands
The council (nicknamed the council of blood) sentence 1000s of mostly violent protestents to death causing many to flee. Elizabeth didn’t wat to be seen as the main protestant momarch so condemmed them but many still went to England.
How did Elizabeth deal with albas threat?
She knew that the country was not ready for war and that starting a religeous war could also mean a civil war so she used an approach by weakening Spain as much as possible without starting a war
What were sea beggars
They were dutch rebels that had fled to the sea. They attacked Spanish ships and Elizabeth allowed them shelter in English harbours in 1967
What was the Geonese loan?
Spanish ships were taking gold to Alba’s army that was given as a loan from the Geones bankers in Italy. Due to this Elizabeth took the money for herself as said it was not Spains money but Italy’s. These acts greatly angered Spain. Elizabeths goal was to get Alba to leave the Netherlands.
Why was the Catholic threat so serious between 1568 and 1569
In 1568 Mary Queen of Scots fled to England from Scotland and 1559 was the revolt of the Northern Earls. This encouraged the pope and Philip to back more plots against Elizabeth and use Alba’s army to get rid of the queen
