1.1 Elizabeth Accession

Question 1

Give two reasons why society and government was poor in 1558

Answer 1

No police force or permanent army

Society, government and law relied on inequality

Question 2

List the social hierarchy in England

Answer 2

Nobility, gentry, yeomen, tenent farmers, landless or labouring poor, vagrants/homeless

Question 3

List the working hierarchy in England

Answer 3

Merchants, professionals, business owners, skilled craftsmen, unskilled workers and unemployed

Question 4

What was the court

Answer 4

People in the court lived in or near the same palace as the monarch

Made mostly of nobility and they were key servents, advisers and friends of the monarch

Attending court required the monarchs permission

Question 5

What was the courts role

Answer 5

To entertain and advise the monarch

A public display of wealth and power

Had influence with the monarch rather than actual power

Question 6

What was the privy council

Answer 6

Made of leading coutiers, nobles and senior goverment officials such as William Cecil

19 members chosen by the monarch

Met 3 times a week and often presided over by the monarch

Question 7

Role of the privy council

Answer 7

Advise the monarch

Oversaw law and order

Monitered JP’s

Question 8

Who were JP’s

Answer 8

Large land owners who kept law and order. Unpaid and reported to the privy council. Was a popular job due to its position of status

Question 9

Role of JP’s

Answer 9

To make sure social and economic policies were carried out

Heard cout cases every 3 months for more serious crimes

Part of the local government

Question 10

Define the divine right

Answer 10

It was the right to rule by the grace of God

Question 11

4 things a monarch could do

Answer 11

• Declare war and make peace
• Call and dismiss parliament and agree or reject any laws they voted for
• rule in some legal cases
• grant titles, land, money and jobs

Question 12

Define Patronage

Answer 12

To provide someone with an important job or position (very effective for controlling people)

Question 13

What was the secretary of state

Answer 13

The most important privy councilor. The councilor she was closest to and would give advise on important matters of the crown. Sir Wiliam Cecil was most notable who held it until 1573 who later became Lord Burghley

Question 14

Why could a monarch not govern well without parliament

Answer 14

Only parliament could raise tax known as extraordinary taxation and the queens proclimations (direct orders) could not be enforced in law courts and the royal preogative was when parliament acted against the queens wishes

Question 15

Why was Elizabths legitimacy in question

Answer 15

She was born in Henry IIV’s second marriage

Women was seen as inferior

Question 16

2 pros if she married

Answer 16

A husband could be a military leader which was very important

Having childern would secure the countries stability

Question 17

2 cons if she married

Answer 17

Only a foreign prince would be suitable but they would prioritise their own country

She would be sidelined and the the man would have Authority

Question 18

Why did people not want a female monarch

Answer 18

• Women were uncapable
• England lost a war against france with Mary
• England had lots of disease, hunger,poverty
• A rebelion was caused by Mary’s marriage
• Mary burned 300 for religeous beliefs

Question 19

Pros of Elizabeth

Answer 19

Smart
Educated
Good politics
Spoke Latin, French, Greek and Italian
Experience as a prisoner in 1554 for suspected treason
Understood dangers in politics
Confident
Charismatic
Good speeches

Question 20

Cons of Elizabeth

Answer 20

Had a feared temper

Took a while to make up her mind

Question 21

Challenges at home and abroard

Answer 21

• England needed money and support
• 300000 in debt in 1558
• The Auld Alliance of Scotland and France was a big threat

Question 22

Mary Queen of Scots threat

Answer 22

• strong claim to the throne
• queen of France in 1559
• declared herself the legitimate Catholic claimant to the English thone
• those who saw Elizabeth as illigitemate could rally to MQoS
• Scotland had constant fighting and raids. In 1558 Mary’s mother Mary of Guise stationed French troops there

Question 23

France and Calais

Answer 23

England held Calais since 1347. In the 1550s England (with Spain) went to war against France. Mary was married to the Spanish king in 1559 so the conflict ended with the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis Calais was returned to France however Elizabeth wanted it back but due to the reformation there was a threat that the Catholic Spain and France may unite against the now Protestant England.

Question 24

What were features of parliamnet

Answer 24

Made of the house of lords and house of commons. It could only be called and dismissed by a monarch. Elections held before each new parliament but very few could vote. Elizabeth called parliament 10 times during her reign.

Question 25

Role of parliament

Answer 25

• to grant extraordinary taxation
• passed laws
• offered advice to the monarch

Question 26

What was the Lords luitenant

Answer 26

Every county had a Lord Lieutenant chosen by the monarch. They were nobles and often were on the privy council. They maintained the monarch’s power and England’s defences.

Question 27

Role of the Lord Lieutenant

Answer 27

• raised and trained local militia
• oversaw county defences and the enforcement of police
• part of the local government

Question 28

What year did Elizabeth I become queen

Answer 28

1558