13 - British Rule in Ireland

Question 1

When did O’connell win the County Clare election against Fitzgerald?

Answer 1

1828

Question 2

When was Catholic Emancipation passed?

Answer 2

1829

Question 3

Why did resentment about tithes increase in the 1830s?

Answer 3

Because many Catholics had lost the right to vote due to terms of the Catholic Emancipation Act and the Great Reform Act

Question 4

What were some consequences of the tithe war?

Answer 4

Increase in rural crime, forced collection and bitterness led to a breakdown in law and order

Question 5

When was the Coercion Act introduced?

Answer 5

1833

Question 6

What did the 1834 Irish Church Act do?

Answer 6

Made changed to Church of Ireland’s wealth nut kept tithes

Question 7

When was the Lichfield House Compact and what did it do?

Answer 7

1835 reforms in Ireland followed a loss of many Whig seats in the election

Question 8

When were tithes changed and how?

Answer 8

1838 Tithe Commutation Act, reduced tithe by 25% and rest paid by landlords. Full relief from Tithes was achieved in 1869 by Gladstone’s government

Question 9

What followed the change of tithes?

Answer 9

Reforms in local governments and introduction of the Poor Law

Question 10

When did O’Connor decide to launch the Repeal Campaign?

Answer 10

When the Whigs lost power in 1841

Question 11

What methods were used in the Repeal Campaign

Answer 11

Same as in the 1820s but now used monster meetings

Question 12

What was Peel’s attitude towards the Repeal movement?

Answer 12

Resolute in his opposition, prepared to use force if necessary

Question 13

How did Peel cause the campaign to lose momentum?

Answer 13

Used coercion and called O’Connell’s bluff in 1843 by banning the meeting planned for Clontarf

Question 14

What did Peel not notice about Ireland after defeating the Repeal Campaign?

Answer 14

That there was a need for reform

Question 15

What was presented to look at the land issue?

Answer 15

Devon Commission. Tenant’s Bill presented but failed to get through

Question 16

How did Peel try to win over Catholics?

Answer 16

Maynooth Grant, Charitable Bequests Act and Provincial Act

Question 17

How many people died or emigrated as a result of the Irish famine?

Answer 17

1 million died, 1.5 million emigrated

Question 18

What was the population change from 1841-1851?

Answer 18

1841 8 million, 1851 6 million

Question 19

What caused further decline in population?

Answer 19

Further emigration, fewer and later marriages, low birth rate

Question 20

How many people emigrated 1850-1910

Answer 20

5 million

Question 21

What was the death rate on the “coffin ships” and where were they headed?

Answer 21

20% - headed for England and America

Question 22

What were results of the famine for landlords?

Answer 22

10% went bankrupt, smaller farms wiped out! more pastoral farming, 1850 Irish Tenant League formed in 1850 demanding fair rent and compensation for eviction

Question 23

Who led the Young Ireland group and what did they do?

Answer 23

John Mitchell. Blamed British for the famine, planned the unsuccessful rebellion in 1848. Wanted the peasantry to hold land, spread idea of am Irish Republic worth dying for

Question 24

What was the idea of Land War?

Answer 24

Tenants v Landlords. Led to Fenianism in 1860s

Question 25

Who were Fenians and what did they do?

Answer 25

Radical republicans, prepared to use violence to achieve an independent Ireland

Question 26

What happened in 1867 during the rescue of two Fenians?

Answer 26

A policeman was killed in Manchester

Question 27

What happened in 1867 during an attempt to release Fenians from prison?

Answer 27

Twelve people killed in an explosion at Clerkenwell

Question 28

What were the three hanged Fenians regarded as?

Answer 28

The Manchester Martyrs

Question 29

Why were the Fenians created?

Answer 29

Wanted to establish a non sectarian independent Ireland through revolutionary means

Question 30

How were the Fenians established?

Answer 30

On St Patrick’s Day 1858 established in NY and Dublin by veterans on 1848 rising. James Stevens organised the movement in Ireland whilst John O’mahony and Michael Doheny organised it in America

Question 31

What was the impact of the Fenians?

Answer 31

Organised the funeral of Terence McManus, another 1848 veteran - transported from San Francisco to Dublin

Question 32

What was the impact of the Repeal Campaign?

Answer 32

Allegiance with Whigs through Lichfield House Compact, abandonment of repeal issue temporary - agitation resurfaced in July 1840 through foundation of National Repeal Association

Question 33

Who were the Young Irelanders?

Answer 33

Idealistic middle class intellectuals led by Thomas Davis

Question 34

What were tactics of Young Irelanders?

Answer 34

‘Monster meetings’ where O’connell would stir up euphoria whilst stressing allegiance to Britain, violent methods used but O’connell opposed

Question 35

What were the views and tactics of the Irish Confederation?

Answer 35

Torn between radicals like James Fintan and moderates such as Smith O’Brian. Led by William Smith O’Brian

Question 36

Who did the Brits arrest in March 1840?

Answer 36

William Smith O’Brian alongside many others

Question 37

What were problems in Ireland in 1830-32?

Answer 37

Land starved peasants, absentee aristocracy, Church of Ireland maintained by tithe, act of repeal

Question 38

How many MPs supported O’connell by 1832 about the Repeal Act?

Answer 38

40

Question 39

What was introduced in 1831?

Answer 39

Primary school education financed by government (5-11 year olds)

Question 40

How much sooner did the Irish receive primary education than Britain?

Answer 40

40 years - led to spread of Irish in 19th century

Question 41

When was the Coercion Act passed and what did it do?

Answer 41

1833, stamped out unrest and collected unpaid tithe. Proposed abolition of 10 dioceses to save around £150k, Tory opposition wanted of give Ireland money to those in debt due to tithe

Question 42

When was the Lichfield House Pact and what did it mean?

Answer 42

February 1835. Whigs lost seats in election so needed support of Irish MPs. Many reforms in Ireland followed, however critics said the Whigs controlled the Irish MPs

Question 43

What was the result of the 1798 uprising in Ireland?

Answer 43

1800 Act of Union