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Semester 5 - Neuro > 13 - Blood supply + Stroke 1 > Flashcards

13 - Blood supply + Stroke 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In which 2 sites do 75% of berry aneurysms occur?

A
  • Junction of ACA and ant. communicating artery

- Junction of ACA and MCA

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2
Q

Which artery supplies 2/3rds of the brain convexity?

A

MCA

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3
Q

Which artery supplies the majority of the medial side of the hemispheres?

A

ACA

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4
Q

Which artery supplies the majority of the lateral side of the hemispheres?

A

MCA

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5
Q

Which artery supply’s the occipital lobe?

A

PCA

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6
Q

Where does the thalamus get most of its blood supply from?

A

PCA

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7
Q

Which artery supplies the lentiform nucleus and the basal ganglia?

A

MCA via lenticulostriate arteries

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8
Q

Which artery supplies the internal capsule?

A

MCA via lenticulostriate arteries

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9
Q

Name the arteries which supply the cerebellum:

A
  • Superior cerebellar artery
  • Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
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10
Q

Define stroke:

A

Clinical syndrome of focal loss of brain function due to haemorrhage or inadequate blood supply lasting >24hrs

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11
Q

Define TIA:

A

A stoke which recovers < 24hrs from onset of symptoms

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12
Q

What is the most common type of stroke?

A

Ischaemic (85%)

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13
Q

List some causes of ischaemic stroke:

A
  • Atheroma
  • Cardiac embolism
  • Small vessel disease
  • Non-atheromatous arterial disease ie Arteritis
  • Blood disorders
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14
Q

List some causes of haemorrhage stroke:

A
  • Hypertension
  • Aneurysm
  • Amyloid angiopathy
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Tumour
  • Venous thrombosis
  • Drugs: cocaïne, amphetamines
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15
Q

What areas of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A
  • Medial side of the frontal lobe
  • Medial side of the parietal lobe
  • Anterior part of the corpus callosum
  • Pre-frontal cortex
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16
Q

Apart from ischaemic and haemorhagic, what are 2 other causes of stroke?

A
  • Dissection

- Venous sinus thrombosis

17
Q

A left anterior cerebral artery occlusion will most likely affect what part of the body? Why?

A
  • Right lower limb and genitals, as they are represented medially on the pre and post central gyrus, and the ACA supplies the medial aspect
18
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the paracentral lobules? Occlusion of this artery and ischaemia of this area will then present how?

A
  • Loss of motor and sensory innervation to the contralateral side of the body (lower limbs and genitals)
  • Loss of control of micturition and defecation
19
Q

Which arteries supply the corpus callous? Ischaemia of either of these arteries would then present how?

A
  • Anterior and Posterior cerebral arteries
  • ACA occlusion = split brain syndrome, alien hand syndrome
  • PCA occlusion = Alexia without agraphia (supplies selenium which carries fibres connecting R + L visual ass. centers)
20
Q

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex? Where does it get its blood supply from?

A

Volition, motivation, planning, organising, complex behaviours
Anterior cerebral artery

21
Q

What are the potential visual disorders caused by a left middle cerebral artery occlusion?

A

Proximal occlusion = R homonymous hemianopia

Distal = R superior/inferior homonymous hemianopia

22
Q

What are the potential speech disorders caused by a left middle cerebral artery occlusion?

A

MCA superior divisions = Broca’s area in the frontal lobe = Expressive aphasia

MCA inferior divisions = Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe = Receptive aphasia

IF main trunk occlusion = global aphasia

23
Q

Which artery supplies the macular cortex?

A

Middle cerebral artery

24
Q

A left middle cerebral artery occlusion will most likely affect what part of the body? Why?

A

Right sided (contralateral) head, neck, upper limb and trunk, as the middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral aspect of the pre-/post-central gyrus, where the head, neck, upper limb and trunk is represented.

25
Q

What areas of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A
  • Occipital lobe
  • Inferior temporal lobe
  • Thalamus
  • Splenium of the corpus callosum
  • Part of post limb of internal capsule
26
Q

What is the most likely visual defect to result from a posterior cerebral artery occlusion?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

27
Q

Following an occlusion of the cerebellar arteries, how will the patient present?

A

Cerebellar signs:

  • Dysdiadochokinesia
  • Ataxia
  • Nystagmus
  • Intention tremor
  • Slurred speech
  • Hypotonia

If proximal occlusion = brainstem signs:

  • Ipsilateral CN signs
  • Contralateral signs of damaged asc/desc tracts
28
Q

Occlusion of what artery results in ‘locked-in’ syndrome? What is this?

A

Basilar artery (proximally) (+ therefore pontine arteries)

Intact consciousness and sensation, lost all control of voluntary movements except vertical eye movements and blinking.

29
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Lateral lenticulostriate arteries (from MCA)

30
Q

How would the patient present after an occlusion of the left lenticulostriate arteries?

A

PURE MOTOR STROKE

- Right-sided hemiplegia

Semester 5 - Neuro (14 decks)

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