Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 5 - Neuro > 1 - Topography + definitions > Flashcards

1 - Topography + definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define dysphagia and give some common causes:

A

Difficulty swallowing

If oropharyngeal:

  • Stroke
  • MS
  • Parkinson’s

If oesophageal:

  • Achalasia
  • Stricture/tumour/foreign body
  • GORD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define quadriplegia and give some common causes:

A

Paralysis of all four limbs

- Spinal cord injury between C1-7 ie RTC, high-impact falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define paraplegia and give some common causes:

A

Paralysis of legs and lower body

  • Spinal cord injury ie RTC, high-impact falls
  • Stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define hemiplegia and give some common causes:

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

  • Trauma to one side of brain
  • Stroke/TIA
  • MS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define ataxia and give some common causes:

A

Loss of full control of body movements:

  • coordination
  • balance
  • speech
  • Stroke
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Cerebral palsy
  • MS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define dyslexia:

A

Learning difficulty resulting in problems when learning to read or interpreting words, but do not affect general intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define aphasia and give some common causes:

A

Difficulty understanding/speaking/reading or writing

  • Stroke
  • Dementia
  • Tumour
  • Infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define paresis:

A

Condition of muscular weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define akinesia and give some common causes:

A

Loss/impaired voluntary movement

  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Antipsychotic ADR
  • Hypothyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define apraxia and give some common causes:

A

Inability to perform particular purposeful actions, even though:

  • request is understood
  • willing to perform task
  • muscles work properly
  • task has already been learnt
  • Congenital
  • Stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define dyspraxia:

A

Developmental disorder affecting coordination and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define dysarthria and give some common causes:

A

Difficult or unclear articulation of speech
- due to weak muscles or loss of control over muscles

  • Stroke
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Huntington’s disease
  • Brain tumour
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Head injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define dysphonia and give some common causes:

A

Difficulty speaking
- physical disorder of mouth/tongue/throat/vocal cords

  • Tumour of vocal cord
  • Inflam: smoking, infection
  • Neuro: MS, PD, nerve injury
  • Systemic disease: acromegaly, amyloidosis, hypothyroidism, sarcoidosis
  • Psychogenic/stress/vocal strain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define hypertonia and give some common causes:

A

Increased muscle tone and reduced ability of muscle to stretch

  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Stroke
  • Spinal cord injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define agnosia and give some common causes:

A

Inability to process sensory information, ie visual agnosia

  • Stroke
  • Dementia
    In occipital/temporal lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define dysdiadochokinesia and give some common causes:

A

Impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements

  • MS (adults)
  • Cerebellar tumours (children)
  • Friedrich’s ataxia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define hyporeflexia and give some common causes:

A

Reflex below normal

- Lower motor neurone damage ie trauma, peripheral neuropathy, motor neurone disease

18
Q

Define areflexia and give some common causes:

A

Absent reflex

  • Late muscular dystrophy
  • LMN damage ie trauma, peripheral neuropathy, MND
  • Spondylosis
19
Q

Define spasticity and give some common causes:

A

Increased muscle tone and reflexes

  • Stroke
  • Cerebral palsy
  • MS
  • Traumatic brain injury
20
Q

Define bradykinesia and give some common causes:

A

Slow movement

  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Anti-psychotic ADR
21
Q

Define palsy:

A

Paralysis and involuntary tremors

22
Q

Define chorea and give some common causes:

A

Jerky involuntary movements of shoulders/hips/face

  • Huntington’s disease
  • Sydenham’s chorea (strep complication)
  • Wilson’s disease
  • Drugs ie Levodopa
  • SLE
  • Thyrotoxicosis
23
Q

Which lobe is associated with speech recognition and memory?

A

Temporal lobe

24
Q

Which lobe is associated with vision?

A

Occipital lobe

25
Q

Which lobe is associated with stimulus perception?

A

Parietal lobe

26
Q

Which lobe is associated with behaviour?

A

Frontal lobe

27
Q

Which part of the brain is associated with movement and coordination?

A

Cerebellum

28
Q

What type of brain matter contains cell bodies?

A

Grey matter

29
Q

What are the names given to the ridges and grooves of the brain?

A 
Ridges = gyri
Grooves = sulci
30
Q

The cells of the CNS are not capable of regeneration, apart from 2 types:

A
  • Olfactory nerve

- Pituitary stalk axons

31
Q

What types of cells myelinated the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

32
Q

What type of cells myeline the PNS:

A

Schwann cells

33
Q

Why does having chronically less sleep increase your risk of Alzheimer’s disease?

A
  • Glymphatic system clears waste
  • Only works when asleep
  • Less sleep = build up of waste
34
Q

Define falx cerebri:

A

Dura mater fold which separates the 2 hemispheres in medial longitudinal fissure

35
Q

Name the 2 layers of the dura mater:

What areas are they not fused together?

A

1) Periosteal dura
2) Meningeal dura

Dural venous sinuses

36
Q

Which layer of the meninges is 1 cell thick and acts as a chemical barrier?

A

Pia mater

37
Q

From which ventricle can CSF get into the subarachnoid space?

A

Fourth ventricle -> subarachnoid space

via medial and lateral apertures

38
Q

What gives white matter its colour?

A

Fatty myelin surrounding nerve axons

39
Q

In which lobe is the pre-central gyrus, and what is its function?

A

Frontal lobe

Primary motor cortex

40
Q

In which lobe is the post-central gyrus, and what is its function?

A

Parietal lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex
Perceives pain, temperature, pressure, stretch, vibration, proprioception, 2-point discrimination

Semester 5 - Neuro (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions