1.3 Anatomy of hip, thigh and gluteal

Question 1

What are the ligaments that create the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 1

greater: Sacrospinous
Lesser: sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 2

What are the major contents of the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 2

Sciatic nerve, Nerve to quadratus femoris and piriformis

Question 3

What are the contents that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 3

Pudendal nerve, nerver ot obturator internus, internal pudendal artery and vein and obturator internus

Question 4

How can you identify the PSIS?

Answer 4

the dimples which lies at S2

Question 5

What is the supracristal plane and what is its significance?

Answer 5

represents the point of the iliac crest and is usually at the level of L4

Question 6

Where is the safe zone for injections into the buttock and why is this significant?

Answer 6

Upper outer quadrant - this means you will not hit the sciatic nerve

Question 7

What is the blood supply to the head of the femur and what is its importance?

Answer 7

1. Ligamentum teres (minor)
2. Circumflex vessels
3. Vessels from the bone
   This is a retrograde supply so if you damage the neck you can get avascular necrosis of the head

Question 8

What are the 9 gluteal muscles and how can you test them?

Answer 8

Gluteus max, med, min
Piriformis, Obturator internus and externus, Gemelli superior and inferior, Quadratus femoris

Tested using trendelenberg

Question 9

What is the role of gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 9

Stabalisers of the hip

Question 10

What is the role of vastus medialis?

Answer 10

Prevents lateral tracking of the patella

Question 11

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 11

Inguinal ligament, medial border of sartorius and the medial border of adductor longus

Question 12

What is the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 12

Femoral nerve, artery and vein

Question 13

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 13

Iliacus, psoas, pectineus and adductor longus

Question 14

Where is the adductor hiatus and what is its significance?

Answer 14

Located in adductor magnus and allows the femoral vessels to pass from the anterior thigh into the popliteal fossa

Question 15

What inserts into the pes anseurins and what is the action of the muscles

Answer 15

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

Draws the leg into the tailors position - thigh flexed, internally rotated and adducted